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  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Explaining the Decline in Subjective Well-Being Over Time in Panel Data
    (Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017) ; ;
    This volume analyses the quantification of the effect of factors measuring subjective well-being, and in particular on the metrics applied. With happiness studies flourishing over the last decades, both in number of publications as well as in their exposure, researchers working in this field are aware of potential weaknesses and pitfalls of these metrics. Contributors to this volume reflect on different factors influencing quantification, such as scale size, wording, language, biases, and cultural comparability in order to raise awareness on the tools and on their conditions of use. In the contribution, we examine to what extent the decline in SWB in longitudinal data is a robust result showing an actual decrease or reflect some specific methodological artefacts of these data. We identified more precisely four possible methodological issues: non-random attrition (NRA), panel conditioning (PC), sample refreshment and aging of participants. We discuss the effect of these methodological issues on the measured evolution of SWB, that shows a different trend once these issues are neutralized.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Childcare and Maternal Part-Time Employment: A Natural Experiment Using Swiss Cantons
    (2018-1-1)
    Fuelled by federal stimuli of 440 million Swiss francs, the staggered expansion of childcare in many cantons allows the evaluation of this family policy on female labour supply. With new cantonal data, this study analyses both the decision to participate in the labour market and the intensity of participation. Empirical results of difference-indifferences regressions show that mothers who live in cantons that have expanded their childcare services more than the national average work at higher percentage rates. The reform stimulated part-time employment of between 20 and 36 hours per week by 2 percentage points. The expansion of childcare particularly affected women with two children and upper-secondary education, who are married or cohabit with their partner.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    The impact of assortative mating on income inequality in Switzerland
    Homogamy is one of the possible drivers of income inequality in society. This study analyses the influence of homogamy in partners’ earnings on income inequality in Switzerland using data of the Swiss Household Panel from 1999 to 2015. The first part monitors homogamy in educational levels, parental education, hourly wages and realised yearly earnings using correlation coefficients. The second part estimates the impact of assortative mating on income inequality using counterfactual simulations. By focusing not only on realised earnings but also on hourly wages, we can distinguish between the effect of homogamy from the effects of labour supply adjustments. In addition, we take into account the selection into partnership. Results show a very weak correlation between partners’ realised earnings. The observed Gini coefficient of realised earnings is not different from the Gini in a scenario where partners match independently of their earnings. Two processes explain these results. First, there is relatively little homogamy in hourly wages. Second, adjustments of labour supply to partner’s characteristics have an equalising effect that can offset the impact of homogamy.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Do opposites attract? Educational assortative mating and dynamics of wage homogamy in Switzerland 1992-2014
    This paper addresses homogamy and assortative mating in Switzerland. The empirical analysis monitors trends for education and hourly wages using the Swiss Labour Force Survey and the Swiss Household Panel. The analysis disentangles the effects of educational expansion from mating patterns and incorporates not only couples, but also singles. Results show an increasing level of assortative mating both for education and for wages. For wage homogamy, selection is more important than adaptation.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Sociological Perspectives on Poverty
    (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2017) ; ; ;
    Odell Korgen, Kathleen
    Poverty, the social question of the 19th century, is still one of the most pressing global issues both in the economically advanced, affluent societies of the global North and in the developing countries of the global South. Since the emergence of social problems and deviance as sociological concepts and fields of study in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, poverty has been a focus of concern. Other social phenomena labeled as social problems or forms of deviance (like violence, crime, alcoholism and drug addiction, divorce, family breakdown, suicide) are often considered to be directly linked to, and caused by, poverty. As with other phenomena treated as social problems, research on poverty has typically been applied and policy-oriented, i.e., pragmatic and solution-driven, often related to reform efforts and social policy measures. The diverse sociological perspectives on poverty, therefore, have emerged in specific national, regional and global policy contexts. Furthermore, poverty research often has a strong empirical focus, which is demonstrated by the fact that some of the first comprehensive sociological surveys dealt with poverty issues. Theoretically, diverse approaches have been developed to address poverty, and there is no consensus on the exact definition and conceptualization of poverty. Poverty research, finally, is a field of interdisciplinary research. Sociological perspectives on poverty, therefore, have emerged from a discourse among scholars of sociology, social work, economics and political science. Based on these considerations, the chapter is organized as follows: The first section presents the pioneers of classical sociological poverty research. The second section deals with the different poverty concepts and measurement debates that emerged during the early postwar period of the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. The third section focuses on the issue of poverty policy. The fourth section looks at contemporary sociological perspectives on poverty in the era of globalization. Finally, the last section summarizes the main trends in sociological poverty analysis over the past decades and points to the challenges for future research.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Economic Inequalities in Rich Countries: A Review of Recent Publications and Research Directions
    (2015-3-1)
    Review article of three books on economic inequality.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Les inégalités en Suisse posent la question des données
    La Suisse connaît traditionnellement un niveau d’inégalité élevé en comparaison internationale. Contrairement à de nombreux autres pays, celui-ci s’est peu modifié depuis 1990 en ce qui concerne le revenu des ménages. Il suit une évolution globalement parallèle aux cycles conjoncturels. Combiner différentes sources de données permet de nuancer ce constat. D’une part, l’inégalité a augmenté au niveau des salaires individuels : l’évolution des très hauts revenus y participe clairement, ainsi que d’autres phénomènes, comme l’emploi féminin. D’autre part, la plupart des données sur les ménages couvrent mal les plus riches et les plus pauvres, ce qui augmente artificiellement la stabilité mesurée. Plusieurs mécanismes permettent de réduire l’impact des inégalités salariales sur le revenu des ménages, en particulier la fiscalité et la protection sociale. Toute réforme dans ces domaines agit donc sur les inégalités. Version allemande: Ungleichheit in der Schweiz – auch eine Frage der Daten (traduction seco).
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Considering the various data sources, survey types and indicators: To what extent do conclusions regarding changing income inequality in Switzerland since the early 1990s converge?
    (Zürich: Seismo, 2016) ; ; ; ; ;
    Franzen, Axel
    ;
    Jann, Ben
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    Joppke, Christian
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    Widmer, Eric
    We compared time series of eight different data sources (HBS, SLFS, SESS, SHP, SILC, SHS, SPS, tax data) and calculated various inequality measures (Gini coefficient, Atkinson coefficient, Theil’s T, MLD, SCV, p90/p10, p80/p20, p50/p10, p90/p50) for the period from 1990 to 2012. While the level of inequality varies strongly across surveys, the results concerning the evolution over time are rather coherent. For disposable household income, inequality has remained stable, but evolves parallel to the business cycle of the Swiss economy. For individual employment income, findings across datasets are less consistent.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Ségrégation ou intégration ? L’intensité de la ségrégation sur le marché du travail neuchâtelois, romand et suisse et ses changements depuis les années 1990
    (Le Locle: Editions G d'Encre, 2016) ;
    A travers plusieurs comparaisons entre différents groupes de la population (Suisses et non-Suisses, hommes et femmes, jeunes et matures), cette contribution vise à évaluer l’intensité de la ségrégation sur le marché du travail au niveau cantonal, régional et national. Les résultats mettent en évidence les transformations sur le marché du travail neuchâtelois dans une perspective interrégionale en lien avec les changements des inégalités sociales et économiques.
  • Publication
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    The Impact of Female Labour Force Participation on Household Income Inequality in Switzerland
    This paper investigates whether an increase in female labour force participation comes at the price of higher household income inequality. Using data from the Household Panel, we decompose household income, distinguishing between part-time and full-time work. We find that female labour force participation has slightly attenuated household income inequality in Switzerland. Women’s entry into the labour market, increasing work-percentages and the very weak correlation in partner’s earnings mainly contributed to this effect. Full-time work, however, will not reduce inequality further in the future.