Housing Production, City Financiarization and Spatial Ruptures in Latin America: The Case of Bogota
The article aims to identify how investments operate in real estate sector in Bogota, in particular housing production, so advertise their impact on the urban morphology in terms of residential density. In one hand, we test the disparities in population densities and consequently housing demand, supporting the hypothesis of existence of a heterogeneous and segregated structure. In the other hand, about the city capacity to integrate people, it denotes the inclusion via housing production for low income and low purchase power families, which it has a different logic front of the market to the rest of city population, then they have allocation decisions and integration process to urban circuit developed in a different way. We propose measure the distances to fundamentals urban equipment to examine the constraints that spatial ruptures imposes to inclusion of these population segment. In methodological training we made a cross section exploration using the Multidimensional City Survey for 2014 and official city information to develop a spatial analysis. Ultimately, we expose some final considerations.
De Rotterdam: Exploring the Vertical City. International Seminar, CompleXdesign
The issues raised by the massive urbanization of the territory, added of the current social and economic challenges, imply, in terms of sustainable development, the conception of planning strategies that become increasingly complex and that constantly merge subjects of architecture and urbanism. Amongst the possible solutions for the control of the territorial footprint is the one that envisions an integration of multiple functions - mobility, equipments, housing, and activities - within compact volumes of very large dimensions. Conceiving and constructing such enormous built structures, considering their density, dimensions, multi-functionality and large number of participants, represents a very complex challenge. Such complexity is triggered by three fundamental conditions: a) the functional solution - mixing multiple disparate programs; b) the scale and the consequent theoretical ambiguity of the object - a hybrid between architecture and urbanism; c) the complexity of the overall process, involving an endless number of actors. Several examples of complex projects at an intermediate level – between a city fragment and a building, and at the interface of real estate markets and urban development – demonstrate that, above a critical surface area of 100,000 m2, issues relating to energy, construction and conception change radically. The characteristics of these projects (scale, density, mixed-use) are such that they transcend the usual legal categories, require a combination of public and private financing, cross the border line between urban planning and construction permits, involving the adaptation of the cadastral plan to the functional organization, creating a clash between urban development regulations and laws protecting the natural and built heritage. The research group Complex Design gathers a multidisciplinary team of professionals from different fields, such as architecture, socio-economics and law. The global aim of this doctoral program is to study holistically the way in which realizing a complex project involves knowledge and practices that fall within the domains of architecture, socio-economics and law. To this end, three swiss universities have joined forces to develop a teaching module (TM) and three research modules (RMs) that are tightly interwoven and will explore the issue from various angles.
Les megaprojets urbains: une valorisation nouvelle de l'urbanite et de la rente immobiliere
Depuis une quinzaine d'années, les grands centres urbains en Europe et dans le monde ont connu d’importantes transformations tant dans leur structure socio-économique que dans leur environnement construit. Parmi les éléments les plus visibles de ces transformations se trouvent les opérations de régénération, de densification et de développement urbain. Ces opérations se traduisent très souvent par la construction de mégaprojets urbains nécessitant d'un montage technico-juridico-financier de plus en plus complexe et ayant d'importants impacts sociaux, environnementaux et politiques. Quelle est la substance de ces nouvelles formes d’urbanité émergeantes ? Cette contribution nous invite également à repenser la manière dont se crée et s'exploite la rente urbaine en général et la rente immobilière en particulier.
De Rotterdam ou la théâtralisation de la densité
Construit de 2009 à 2013 par OMA/Rem Koolhaas, le bâtiment De Rotterdam a été conçu comme une ville verticale se développant dans trois tours interconnectées accueillant des programmes multiples tels que bureaux, commerces, activités de loisirs, appartements ainsi qu’un hôtel et des parkings. L’édifice fait partie de l'ancien quartier portuaire de Wilhelminapier, à Rotterdam, qu’il cherche, par sa densité et par sa mixité, à faire vivre désormais vingt-quatre heures sur vingt-quatre. Cet article s’inscrit dans le débat actuel sur la globalisation et la production de nouveaux espaces denses dit « emblématiques ». Il situe dans un premier temps le contexte dans lequel De Rotterdam a vu le jour. Il aborde ensuite sa densité au moyen de diverses notions.
From capital landing to urban anchoring: The negotiated City
This article proposes three ideal types of ‘anchoring of finance capital into the city’, i.e. the way in which capital, as it is valued in financial markets, is transformed into real capital and vice versa. Some contexts will allow market finance s visions of the city to become reality without great alteration, and this produces the ‘financialised city’. In this case, the value of the city corresponds to trading on the financial markets and largely depends on the financial operators’ comparative and mimetic criteria. Second, the ‘entrepreneurial city’ corresponds to a tangible and localised vision of the city, outside the trading rooms. This requires interactions between intermediary and allied actors so that urban value can be translated into real profits and tangible urban objectives while mobilising market finance. Third, some contexts may promote debate, the creation of interdependencies and the genesis of multiple externalities, particularly around major urban development projects. This is what we call the ‘negotiated city’. Here, urban value depends much more directly, and more exclusively, on more or less complementary interactions between local and non-local actors, users, consumers, public actors, tourists, etc.
Les multiples valeurs de l’immobilier en Suisse
Comment fonctionne le marché de l’immobilier résidentiel aujourd’hui en Suisse ? De quelles clés de lecture disposons-nous pour appréhender ses valeurs d’usage, économique, esthétique dans toute leurs complexité et diversité ? A travers l’analyse des contextes, des acteurs, des circuits de financement et des formes urbaines, cet article propose une typologie renouvelée des multiples marchés qui façonnent le territoire.