Voici les éléments 1 - 10 sur 11
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Dialogical ethnography
    (London: Routledge, 2020)
    In this chapter, a hybrid methodology for the study of group interactions is outlined. The method is suited for the problematization of social categories (e.g., gender, ethnicity, and race) in the research process. The ethnographic approach is reframed within a sociocultural perspective and thus called dialogical ethnography. Because dialogical theory and analysis are key elements in sociocultural theory, the ethical and procedural aspects of the analysis are derived from dialogism. It is an exploratory methodology for qualitative analysis and involves the construction of a data corpus from theoretically informed participant observations. The three-step-process for analysis consists of: (1) describing the social as crystallization of social categories, (2) identifying different voices in interactions around the topic, with a focus on how agreements are reached, and disagreements resolved, and (3) tracing regularities and strategies as patterns, which speak to iterative aspects of the group and people’s way of engaging with the world. Built from a sociocultural approach, it allows understanding different forms and configurations of people’s interactions. This qualitative method can be used in dialogical case studies and in multi/mixed-method designs as a way to understand social categories as they appear and are negotiated in interaction. This allows addressing the naturalization and invisibilization of the constructed nature of social categories.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Norms
    (Switzerland: Springer Nature, 2020)
    Norms can be defined as sets of relations that define forms of communicating, feeling, act- ing, and thinking. They define what is allowed and what is not allowed to be said, felt, done, or thought. They are situational and relationally negotiated. Usually described in terms of their functions (descriptive, constitutive, prescrip- tive), the term commonly designates prescrip- tive guides. Norms can be more or less explicit, more or less prescriptive, and be more or less opposed and resisted. Authors mostly agree on the fundamental character of norms for human life. Operating at a collective and a psycholog- ical level, they guide and constrain human lives. And although sometimes viewed as lim- iting possibilities rather than creating them, they can be seen as producing a certain set of possibilities and transformed through our engagement with them in our relations to others.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Réformes politiques face au vieillissement démographique: Diversité des perspectives dans la mise en oeuvre d'une politique socio-sanitaire
    Partant du constat du changement démographique et des réformes qui tentent d’y répondre, nous nous penchons sur le programme politique d’un canton suisse, la planification médico-sociale du canton de Neuchâtel, et en particulier sur la promotion d’appartements dits « avec encadrements », qui constitue une mesure centrale de cette planification. Considérant que la mise en oeuvre de cette réforme, et ces appartements en particulier, demandent la collaboration entre un grand nombre de personnes et d’institutions (architectes, services administratifs cantonaux, politicien-nes, personnes âgées entre autres), nous examinons le sens que différent-es acteurs/trices donnent à la situation dans laquelle ils/elles sont impliqué-e-s sous l’angle de ce qui leur importe, ou « what matters » (Edwards, 2012), en analysant des données récoltées dans le cadre d’une étude de cas régionale, incluant entretiens, observations et recherche documentaire. Nous examinons également des situations de rencontre entre différentes perspectives sur « ce qui importe », et mettons en évidence la manière dont ces rencontres peuvent engendrer des changements dans la perspective de chacun-e concernant « ce qui importe », et donc dans les pratiques.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Social Psychology of and for World-Making
    (2023)
    Séamus A. Power
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    Sanne Akkerman
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    Brady Wagoner
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    Flora Cornish
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    Brett Heasman
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    Kesi Mahendran
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    Charis Psaltis
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    Antti Rajala
    ;
    Angela Veale
    ;
    Alex Gillespie
    Academic Abstract Social psychology’s disconnect from the vital and urgent questions of people’s lived experiences reveals limitations in the current paradigm. We draw on a related perspective in social psychology1—the sociocultural approach—and argue how this perspective can be elaborated to consider not only social psychology as a historical science but also social psychology of and for world-making. This conceptualization can make sense of key theoretical and methodological challenges faced by contemporary social psychology. As such, we describe the ontology, epistemology, ethics, and methods of social psychology of and for world-making. We illustrate our framework with concrete examples from social psychology. We argue that reconceptualizing social psychology in terms of world-making can make it more humble yet also more relevant, reconnecting it with the pressing issues of our time. Public Abstract We propose that social psychology should focus on “world-making” in two senses. First, people are future-oriented and often are guided more by what could be than what is. Second, social psychology can contribute to this future orientation by supporting people’s world-making and also critically reflecting on the role of social psychological research in world-making. We unpack the philosophical assumptions, methodological procedures, and ethical considerations that underpin a social psychology of and for world-making. Social psychological research, whether it is intended or not, contributes to the societies and cultures in which we live, and thus it cannot be a passive bystander of world-making. By embracing social psychology of and for world-making and facing up to the contemporary societal challenges upon which our collective future depends will make social psychology more humble but also more relevant.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Gender differentiation in children’s play: A sociocultural perspective.
    Cette recherche doctorale a exploré les différences de genre dans le jeu des enfants. Nous vivons à une époque où l’égalité des sexes constitue une question centrale dans les agendas politiques de nombreuses institutions et pays (National Geographic, 2017 ; ONU FEMMES, 2020 ; UNICEF, 2020). À travers les combats et les discussions pour l’égalité des sexes et les droits des femmes, deux questions conceptuelles traversent les débats : i) qu’est-ce que le genre ? et ii) d'où vient-il ? Dans ce travail, je me suis concentré sur le genre dans le jeu des jeunes enfants. Ce qui m'a intéressé, a été de comprendre comment la compréhension, l'orientation et la préférence participent ensemble et parfois s'opposent, dans ce qu'un enfant peut ou ne peut pas faire par rapport au genre. Méthodologiquement, j'ai montré que le fait de se concentrer sur le jeu constitue un laboratoire spontanément défini pour étudier le travail conjoint des contraintes sociales et de l'autonomie psychologique dans le développement. La principale question de recherche abordée était la suivante : d'où viennent les différences dans la manière dont les enfants sont sexués ? J’ai exploré plusieurs sous-questions : où pouvons-nous trouver le genre dans la vie des personnes ? Comment l’environnement social et matériel oriente-t-il les interactions des enfants en matière de genre ? Quelle est la marge de liberté dont disposent les enfants dans sa reconstruction ? Qu’est-ce qui définit cette marge de liberté ? Les enfants s’approprient-ils des éléments du système de genre ? Si oui, existe-t-il une logique, une typologie ou une forme récurrente dans la prise en compte du genre ? Les enfants internalisent-ils le système de genre ? Si oui, quel est le résultat d’un tel processus ? Quels sont les aspects stables qui résultent de la construction du genre dans la vie d’une personne ? Répondre à ces questions nécessite une approche qui fournisse à la fois i) une définition du genre ; ii) une manière de l'étudier ; iii) des outils pour distinguer les dynamiques sociales et psychologiques ; et iv) un modèle de son développement. C’est en combinant une psychologie sémiotique, développementale et socioculturelle avec une approche performative du genre que je tente de donner du sens à l’évolution du genre. La thèse principale de ce travail est de montrer que le genre est un système sémiotique dynamique que les enfants rencontrent, agissent avec et internalisent de différentes manières. En ce sens, j’argumente et montre que le système de genre fournit certaines formes d’orientation sociale, a un poids normatif particulier et que l’enfant fait preuve d’une certaine marge de liberté dans sa reconstruction. La forme d’orientation sociale fournie par le système encadre les formes de pratique du genre. Mais comme je le montre, le développement du genre ne peut être séparé du développement par les individus d’autres modes d’engagement avec le monde en général. Les modes de combinaison que les enfants construisent pour interagir avec le système de genre ne lui sont pas spécifiques et peuvent témoigner de dynamiques relationnelles plus larges, comme nous le voyons dans le parallèle entre les modes familial, scolaires et enfantins, et j’adresse ceci à travers la notion de patterns psychologiques. À ce titre, l’un des résultats intéressants de cette thèse est le fait que le développement du genre ne peut être séparé du développement de l’enfant en général, et qu’il peut être utilisé de manière instrumentale, car il apparaît parfois comme un sous-cas de la manière dont le L'enfant construit son rapport aux normes, au jeu et aux autres, dans différentes situations. Avec ces propositions, le travail vise à contribuer aux domaines des études de genre et de la psychologie socioculturelle et d'autres lignes de recherche ont été proposées.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    The social, the possible and the necessary: a theoretical model for the explanation of novelty
    We propose a theoretical discussion on Piaget’s model on the real, the possible and the necessary, within Valsiner’s child development theory (1997), showing how constraints operate defining the field of possibles at a psychological level (Piaget, 1983). For metatheoretical analysis (Laudan, 1977; Castorina, 2007; Valsiner, 2017) intrinsic to dialogue attempt between theories, we outline three areas where relationships are established: a) Entities composing the world b) Nature of relationships between existents c) Change and transformation. Critical realism, complex system theory and dialectical perspective constitute the basis for both models. Piaget’s can explain relationships between Valsiner’s Zone of Promoted Action (ZPA) and Zone of Free Movement (ZFM) (1997), and the construction of the latter. Relationships between psychological possibles and what we present as “social possibles” specifies within children’s areas for movement and thinking (ZFM) a process leading to novel forms, creations beyond social possibles. This can help understand that different subjects may behave differently in similar settings, even in situations of fictional play, creation of psychological possibles and usage of imagination or creation appears more clearly for some, whereas for others, conditions of possibility, conquests of limitations in the field of possibles is yet to be attained or enabled in interaction.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Daydreaming
    (Cham: Palgrave Maximilian, 2020) ;
    Daydreaming can be defined as the process by which we partly or fully decouple from what seems to be one’s current activity in the world. It usually designates “anything one may be thinking about that does not pertain to the task in which one is currently involved” (Pereira and Diriwächter, 2008). Occurring within our flow of consciousness, it entails fantasy or a form of diurnal dreaming. Daydreaming can be more or less deliberate, have more or less clear goals, be more or less structured, and have diverse types of outcomes. Authors usually distinguish daydreams that may enrich people’s relation to themselves, or their relation to the world, from those which seem not to enrich experiences. Most authors admit that daydreaming participates to our capacity to deal with our experiences and opens up new possibilities.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Dialogical exemplars as communicative tools: Resituating knowledge from dialogical single case studies
    (2019-11-21)
    Zadeh, Sophie
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    In this article, we develop the concept of ‘dialogical exemplars’ as communicative tools for scholars who wish to ‘resituate knowledge’ from dialogical single case studies. Exemplars are typological representatives that try to convey typicality in non-taxonomic terms, yet in the existing literature, they are defined in terms of their relationship to a population, class or sample. We suggest instead that ‘dialogical exemplars’, as specific instances that have the self-other at their core, can be used to convey the ‘wholeness’ of cases to various audiences. To support this proposition, we draw upon two single case studies, built 30 years apart, that are concerned with children’s daily lives and experiences. Specifically, we develop a dialogue with and between examples from each case of children's play, not only to make the case for ‘dialogical exemplars’, but also to evidence the process through which we arrived at this concept. We highlight that this process is one that researchers often go through, but, rather curiously, rarely document. In conclusion, we suggest that ‘resituating knowledge’ might be best thought of as several, non-linear, stages in the process of dialogical research that involve, and invite further dialogue.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Conclusion: An invitation to dialogue with The Life of the Mind
    (2022-5-31)
    Zadeh, Sophie
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    Marková, Ivana
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    Coultas, Claire
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    The Life of the Mind is an intriguing unfinished book written by Hannah Arendt, known as a political philosopher, at the very end of her life in 1975. We devote this Special Issue of Culture & Psychology to this work, because we are convinced that it raises interesting and important questions for social and cultural psychology today. In this Introduction to the Special Issue, we first explain why we believe that this book deserves closer attention. Second, we present the context of its publication, and a short biography of Arendt, to show its position in her life. Published posthumously, the book was her last project, yet it is based on some of her lifelong concerns. Third, we summarise Arendt’s ideas about the psyche, and the main three faculties of mind – thinking, willing and judging – with which the book is concerned. We then address three difficulties the book raises for psychologists reading her work. Finally, we explain the context in which we developed this Special Issue, and summarise the topics that will be addressed in the papers assembled here.