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Bshary, Redouan

Nom
Bshary, Redouan
Affiliation principale
Fonction
Professeur ordinaire
Email
redouan.bshary@unine.ch
Identifiants
https://libra.unine.ch/handle/123456789/343
_
0000-0001-7198-8472

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  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Hormonal mechanisms of cooperative behaviour
    (2010)
    Soares, Marta
    ;
    Bshary, Redouan 
    ;
    Fusani, Leonida
    ;
    Goymann, Wolfgang
    ;
    Hau, Michaela
    ;
    Hirschenhauser, Katharina
    ;
    Oliveira, Rui F.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Cleaner fish cause predators to reduce aggression toward bystanders at cleaning stations
    (2008)
    Cheney, Karen L.
    ;
    Bshary, Redouan 
    ;
    Grutter, Alexandra S.
    Mutualisms, in which both participants gain a net benefit, are ubiquitous in all ecosystems, and the importance of understanding their broader ecological context has been demonstrated many times. Indirect effects of mutualisms may have important implications for surrounding ecosystems through changes in density, species composition, or behavior; however, the latter has been difficult to quantify. In fish cleaning mutualisms, cleaners benefit by removing and consuming ectoparasites from clients, whereas clients benefit from a reduction in parasite load. Cleaner fish are also thought to benefit from immunity to predation and use tactile stimulation as a preconflict management strategy to manipulate partners' decisions and to avoid being eaten by piscivorous client fish. Here we show, using a laboratory experiment, that the presence of cleaner fish resulted in nearby fish not involved in the cleaner–client mutualism experiencing less aggression (chases) from predatory clients. In addition, the rate that piscivorous clients chased prey was negatively correlated with the amount of tactile stimulation given to the predator by the cleaner. These data suggest that, in the laboratory, the risk of aggression from predators toward nearby prey fish was greatly reduced as a by-product of cleaner fish presence and tactile stimulation of predators by cleaner fish. These results raise the question of whether cleaning stations act as safe havens from predator aggression.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    The "Fish Toilet". The extraordinary behaviour of Ctenochaetus striatus (Acanthuridae)
    (2008)
    Krone, R.
    ;
    Bshary, Redouan 
    ;
    Paster, M.
    ;
    Eisinger, M.
    ;
    Von Treck, P.
    ;
    Schuhmacher, H.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Defecation behaviour of the Lined Bristletooth Surgeonfish Ctenochaetus striatus (Acanthuridae)
    (2008)
    Krone, R.
    ;
    Bshary, Redouan 
    ;
    Paster, M.
    ;
    Eisinger, M.
    ;
    van Treeck, P.
    ;
    Schuhmacher, H.
    The feeding and defecation behaviour of the surgeonfish Ctenochaetus striatus was investigated at Ras Mohammed National Park (South Sinai, Red Sea). The fish feed on coral rock mainly by sweeping loose sediment with their flexible broom like teeth into their mouths. Feeding occurred exclusively on coral rock, but defecation took place only outside the grazing area above sand in small, precisely defined areas.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Social-learning abilities of wild vervet monkeys in a two-step task artificial fruit experiment
    (2011)
    van de Waal, Erica
    ;
    Bshary, Redouan 
    Social learning is the basis for the formation of traditions in both human and nonhuman animals. Field observations and experiments provide evidence for the existence of traditions in animals but they do not address the underlying social-learning mechanisms. We used an established laboratory experimental paradigm, the artificial fruit design, to test for copying of a sequence of actions and local enhancement in six groups of wild vervet monkeys, Chlorocebus aethiops. We introduced a two-step task where models had to remove a bar to untie a rope that blocked a single door of a box. The models were high-ranking individuals that monopolized the box early on and discovered by trial and error how to open it. We obtained successful models in three groups, while the other three groups acted as controls. After 20 successful demonstrations, we tested subjects with a box that had a rope in the same position but the rope was not functional. Under these conditions, sequential copying of the two-step opening did not occur. Only individuals that were exposed to models were likely to touch the bar if door opening was not immediately successful, providing evidence for local enhancement. When we presented the boxes with the functional rope, we found no effect of having been exposed to a model on the probability that subjects solved the task. We conclude that the social-learning abilities of wild vervet monkeys are relatively limited and discuss potential problems concerning the technical difficulty of the task.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Distinguishing four fundamental approaches to the evolution of helping
    (2008)
    Bshary, Redouan 
    ;
    Bergmueller, Ralph 
    The evolution and stability of helping behaviour has attracted great research efforts across disciplines. However, the field is also characterized by a great confusion over terminology and a number of disagreements, often between disciplines but also along taxonomic boundaries. In an attempt to clarify several issues, we identify four distinct research fields concerning the evolution of helping: (1) basic social evolution theory that studies helping within the framework of Hamilton’s inclusive fitness concept, i.e. direct and indirect benefits, (2) an ecological approach that identifies settings that promote life histories or interaction patterns that favour unconditional cooperative and altruistic behaviour, e.g. conditions that lead to interdependency or interactions among kin, (3) the game theoretic approach that identifies strategies that provide feedback and control mechanisms (protecting from cheaters) favouring cooperative behaviour (e.g. pseudo-reciprocity, reciprocity), and (4) the social scientists’ approach that particularly emphasizes the special cognitive requirements necessary for human cooperative strategies. The four fields differ with respect to the ‘mechanisms’ and the ‘conditions’ favouring helping they investigate. Other major differences concern a focus on either the life-time fitness consequences or the immediate payoff consequences of behaviour, and whether the behaviour of an individual or a whole interaction is considered. We suggest that distinguishing between these four separate fields and their complementary approaches will reduce misunderstandings, facilitating further integration of concepts within and across disciplines.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement