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The Role of Indole and Other Shikimic Acid Derived Maize Volatiles in the Attraction of Two Parasitic Wasps

Auteur(s)
D'Alessandro, Marco
Triponez, Yann
Date de parution
2006
In
Journal of Chemical Ecology, Springer, 2006/32/2/2733-2748
Mots-clés
Résumé
After herbivore attack, plants release a plethora of different volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which results in odor blends that are attractive to predators and parasitoids of these herbivores. VOCs in the odor blends emitted by maize plants (<i>Zea mays</i>) infested by lepidopteran larvae are well characterized. They are derived from at least three different biochemical pathways, but the relative importance of each pathway for the production of VOCs that attract parasitic wasps is unknown. Here, we studied the importance of shikimic acid derived VOCs for the attraction of females of the parasitoids <i>Cotesia marginiventris</i> and <i>Microplitis rufiventris</i>. By incubating caterpillar-infested maize plants in glyphosate, an inhibitor of the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phospate (EPSP) synthase, we obtained induced odor blends with only minute amounts of shikimic acid derived VOCs. In olfactometer bioassays, the inhibited plants were as attractive to naive <i>C. marginiventris</i> females as control plants that released normal amounts of shikimic acid derived VOCs, whereas naive <i>M. rufiventris</i> females preferred inhibited plants to control plants. By adding back synthetic indole, the quantitatively most important shikimic acid derived VOC in induced maize odors, to inhibited plants, we showed that indole had no effect on the attraction of <i>C. marginiventris</i> and that <i>M. rufiventris</i> preferred blends without synthetic indole. Exposing <i>C. marginiventris</i> females either to odor blends of inhibited or control plants during oviposition experiences shifted their preference in subsequent olfactometer tests in favor of the experienced odor. Further learning experiments with synthetic indole showed that <i>C. marginiventris</i> can learn to respond to this compound, but that this does not affect its choices between natural induced blends with or without indole. We hypothesize that for naïve wasps the attractiveness of an herbivore-induced odor blend is reduced due to masking by nonattractive compounds, and that during oviposition experiences in the presence of complex odor blends, parasitoids strongly associate some compounds, whereas others are largely ignored.
Identifiants
https://libra.unine.ch/handle/123456789/17958
_
10.1007/s10886-006-9196-7
Type de publication
journal article
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