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Turlings, Ted

Nom
Turlings, Ted
Affiliation principale
Fonction
Professeur ordinaire
Email
ted.turlings@unine.ch
Identifiants
https://libra.unine.ch/handle/123456789/330

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  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Above-belowground interactions involving plants, microbes and insects
    (2015-4-23)
    Pineda, Ana
    ;
    Soler, Roxina
    ;
    Pozo, Marìa José
    ;
    Rasmann, Sergio 
    ;
    Turlings, Ted 
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Alien interference: disruption of infochemical networks by invasive insect herbivores
    (2014)
    Desurmont, Gaylord A.
    ;
    Harvey, J.
    ;
    van Dam, N. M.
    ;
    Cristescu, S. M.
    ;
    Schiestl, F. P.
    ;
    Cozzolino, S.
    ;
    Anderson, P.
    ;
    Larsson, M. C.
    ;
    Kindlmann, P.
    ;
    Danner, H.
    ;
    Turlings, Ted 
    Insect herbivores trigger various biochemical changes in plants, and as a consequence, affect other organisms that are associated with these plants. Such plant-mediated indirect effects often involve herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that can be used as cues for foraging herbivores and their natural enemies, and are also known to affect pollinator attraction. In tightly co-evolved systems, the different trophic levels are expected to display adaptive response to changes in HIPVs caused by native herbivores. But what if a new herbivore invades such a system? Current literature suggests that exotic herbivores have the potential to affect HIPV production, and that plant responses to novel herbivores are likely to depend on phylogenetic relatedness between the invader and the native species. Here we review the different ways exotic herbivores can disrupt chemically mediated interactions between plants and the key users of HIPVs: herbivores, pollinators, and members of the third (i.e. predators and parasitoids) and fourth (i.e. hyperparasitoids) trophic levels. Current theory on insect invasions needs to consider that disruptive effects of invaders on infochemical networks can have a short-term impact on the population dynamics of native insects and plants, as well as exerting potentially negative consequences for the functioning of native ecosystems.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Volatiles produced by soil-borne endophytic bacteria increase plant pathogen resistance and affect tritrophic interactions
    (2014)
    D'Alessandro, Marco
    ;
    Erb, Matthias 
    ;
    Ton, Jurriaan
    ;
    Brandenburg, Anna
    ;
    Karlen, Danielle
    ;
    Zopfi, Jakob 
    ;
    Turlings, Ted 
    Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by soil microorganisms influence plant growth and pathogen resistance. Yet, very little is known about their influence on herbivores and higher trophic levels. We studied the origin and role of a major bacterial VOC, 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD), on plant growth, pathogen and herbivore resistance, and the attraction of natural enemies in maize. One of the major contributors to 2,3-BD in the headspace of soil-grown maize seedlings was identified as Enterobacter aerogenes, an endophytic bacterium that colonizes the plants. The production of 2,3-BD by E.?aerogenes rendered maize plants more resistant against the Northern corn leaf blight fungus Setosphaeria turcica. On the contrary, E.?aerogenes-inoculated plants were less resistant against the caterpillar Spodoptera littoralis. The effect of 2,3-BD on the attraction of the parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris was more variable: 2,3-BD application to the headspace of the plants had no effect on the parasitoids, but application to the soil increased parasitoid attraction. Furthermore, inoculation of seeds with E.?aerogenes decreased plant attractiveness, whereas inoculation of soil with a total extract of soil microbes increased parasitoid attraction, suggesting that the effect of 2,3-BD on the parasitoid is indirect and depends on the composition of the microbial community.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Plant strengtheners enhance parasitoid attraction to herbivore-damaged cotton via qualitative and quantitative changes in induced volatiles
    (2014)
    Sobhy, Islam S.
    ;
    Erb, Matthias 
    ;
    Turlings, Ted 
    Background Herbivore-damaged plants release a blend of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that differs from undamaged plants. These induced changes are known to attract the natural enemies of the herbivores and therefore are expected to be important determinants of the effectiveness of biological control in agriculture. One way of boosting this phenomenon is the application of plant strengtheners, which has been shown to enhance parasitoid attraction in maize. It is unclear if this is also the case for other important crops. Results We applied the plant strengtheners BTH (benzo (1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester) or laminarin to cotton plants and studied the effects on volatile releases and the attraction of three hymenopteran parasitoids, Cotesia marginiventris, Campoletis sonorensis and Microplitis rufiventris. After treated and untreated plants were induced by real or simulated caterpillar feeding, we found that BTH treatment increased the attraction of the parasitoids, whereas laminarin had no significant effect. BTH treatment selectively increased the release of two homoterpenes and reduced the emission of indole, the latter of which has been shown to interfere with parasitoid attraction in earlier studies. Canonical variate analyses of the data show that the parasitoid responses were dependent on the quality rather than the quantity of volatile emission in this tritrophic interaction. Conclusion Overall, these results strengthen the emerging paradigm that induction of plant defences with chemical elicitors such as BTH could provide a sustainable and environment-friendly strategy for biological control of pests by enhancing the attractiveness of cultivated plants to natural enemies of insect herbivores.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Induced carbon reallocation and compensatory growth as root herbivore tolerance mechanisms
    (2014)
    Robert, Christelle A. M.
    ;
    Ferrieri, Richard A.
    ;
    Schirmer, Stefanie
    ;
    Babst, Benjamin A.
    ;
    Schueller, Michael J.
    ;
    Machado, Ricardo A. R.
    ;
    Arce, Carla C. M.
    ;
    Hibbard, Bruce E.
    ;
    Gershenzon, Jonathan
    ;
    Turlings, Ted 
    ;
    Erb, Matthias 
    Upon attack by leaf herbivores, many plants reallocate photoassimilates below ground. However, little is known about how plants respond when the roots themselves come under attack. We investigated induced resource allocation in maize plants that are infested by the larvae Western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera. Using radioactive 11CO2, we demonstrate that root-attacked maize plants allocate more new 11C carbon from source leaves to stems, but not to roots. Reduced meristematic activity and reduced invertase activity in attacked maize root systems are identified as possible drivers of this shoot reallocation response. The increased allocation of photoassimilates to stems is shown to be associated with a marked thickening of these tissues and increased growth of stem-borne crown roots. A strong quantitative correlation between stem thickness and root regrowth across different watering levels suggests that retaining photoassimilates in the shoots may help root-attacked plants to compensate for the loss of belowground tissues. Taken together, our results indicate that induced tolerance may be an important strategy of plants to withstand belowground attack. Furthermore, root herbivore-induced carbon reallocation needs to be taken into account when studying plant-mediated interactions between herbivores.