Options
Emprunts ou délocutifs ? Un cas de contact ‘hiérolectal’
Date de parution
2018
In
Le Français Moderne
No
2018/2
De la page
215
A la page
224
Revu par les pairs
1
Résumé
Cet article se propose d’examiner, dans la perspective de la typologie générale, certaines dynamiques morphocréatrices à l’œuvre dans le lexique d’une variété minoritaire. Le français parlé par les israélites de Gascogne, cas typique d’une « langue spéciale » propre à un groupe restreint, puise une partie substantielle de sa matière lexicale propre dans le contact avec l’hébreu, employé comme langue liturgique, ou ‘hiérolecte’, par ce groupe parlant. Cependant, ces ‘hébraïsmes’, indépendants sémantiquement de la langue-source, ne doivent être considérés comme des emprunts, en ce qu’ils dérivent d’énoncés liturgiques par voie de délocutivité. Leur sens repose sur l’évocation de l’acte de profération ou sur un geste qui lui est associé. Après une étude typologique des cas les plus caractéristiques de ce matériau linguistique inédit, son analyse, concluant sur une reformulation du paradigme délocutif, apportera des éléments à la compréhension des faits généraux lexicologiques et linguistiques dont il relève.
Abstract : This article focuses on some morphological features of a minority variety of French, within general linguistic typology. The French vernacular spoken by the Jews of Gascony is an emblematic example of a narrowly used communal variety whose differential vocabulary is mainly borrowed. In this case, contact with Hebrew, used solely as a ‘hierolect’ (a language serving only sacred and ritual purposes), provides much of the lexical material. However, these ‘Hebraisms’, semantically unrelated to the source language, cannot be regarded as loanwords, for they are built through delocutivity from liturgical acts of speech. Their meaning derives from the utterance itself or from a gesture associated with it. Following a typological study and classification of the most characteristic samples of this original material, its analysis, concluding with a renewed definition of the delocutive paradigm, will propose new elements towards the understanding of relevant general lexicological and linguistic facts.
Abstract : This article focuses on some morphological features of a minority variety of French, within general linguistic typology. The French vernacular spoken by the Jews of Gascony is an emblematic example of a narrowly used communal variety whose differential vocabulary is mainly borrowed. In this case, contact with Hebrew, used solely as a ‘hierolect’ (a language serving only sacred and ritual purposes), provides much of the lexical material. However, these ‘Hebraisms’, semantically unrelated to the source language, cannot be regarded as loanwords, for they are built through delocutivity from liturgical acts of speech. Their meaning derives from the utterance itself or from a gesture associated with it. Following a typological study and classification of the most characteristic samples of this original material, its analysis, concluding with a renewed definition of the delocutive paradigm, will propose new elements towards the understanding of relevant general lexicological and linguistic facts.
Identifiants
Autre version
https://www.academia.edu/36914566/Peter_Nahon_Emprunts_ou_délocutifs_Un_cas_de_contact_hiérolectal_Le_Français_Moderne_2018_2_p._215-224
Type de publication
journal article
Dossier(s) à télécharger
