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Fossard, Marion

Nom
Fossard, Marion
Affiliation principale
Fonction
Professeure ordinaire
Email
marion.fossard@unine.ch
Identifiants
https://libra.unine.ch/handle/123456789/581
_
0000-0002-4955-2354

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  • Publication
    Accès libre
    La compréhension de l'ironie et des requêtes indirectes non conventionnelles chez des individus cérébrolésés droits et traumatisés crâniens : profils pathologiques, développement d'un outil d'évaluation et prise en charge
    (Neuchâtel : Université de Neuchâtel, 2021-10-29)
    Cordonier, Natacha 
    ;
    Fossard, Marion 
    ;
    Maud Champagne-lavau
    Les troubles de compréhension du langage non littéral (par exemple, l’ironie et les requêtes indirectes) sont fréquemment rapportés chez les individus cérébrolésés droits (CLD) et traumatisés crânio-cérébraux (TCC). Les mécanismes cognitifs pouvant sous-tendre ces troubles – le traitement du contexte, les fonctions exécutives et la théorie de l'esprit – restent toutefois sujets à controverse, en raison notamment de l’hétérogénéité caractéristique de ces populations. De plus, l’inadéquation communicative résultant d’une mauvaise compréhension du langage non littéral peut impacter la vie sociale et professionnelle des individus affectés, rendant le diagnostic et le traitement de ces troubles primordiaux. À l’heure actuelle, les outils d’évaluation et les prises en charge de ces déficits restent pourtant lacunaires. Dès lors, les objectifs de la présente thèse étaient triples. Un premier objectif visait à identifier des profils cognitivo-pragmatiques chez des individus CLD et TCC. Le recours à des analyses en cluster et l’utilisation de deux tâches de compréhension de l’ironie et des requêtes indirectes, manipulant en leur sein les mécanismes sous-jacents, ont permis d’objectiver la présence de quatre profils pragmatiques associés à des atteintes cognitives variées. Le second objectif consistait à valider et normer les deux tâches précitées. Les résultats ont démontré que ces tâches présentaient de bonnes qualités psychométriques et un potentiel diagnostic différentiel important. Le troisième objectif visait à élaborer une prise en charge des troubles de compréhension de l’ironie et des requêtes indirectes sur la base des résultats d’études recensées dans deux revues narrative et systématique de littérature. Cette nouvelle thérapie a été administrée avec succès auprès d’un individu TCC. L’ensemble des résultats apporte un nouvel éclairage aux connaissances actuelles et a des implications méthodologiques et cliniques importantes.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Differential Impairments in Irony comprehension in Brain-Damaged Individuals: Insight from contextual processing, theory of mind, and executive functions
    (2020-8-11)
    Cordonier, Natacha 
    ;
    Fossard, Marion 
    ;
    Champagne-Lavau, Maud
    Objective: The comprehension of irony can be affected after brain injuries. The cognitive mechanisms accounting for such disorders remain yet unclear. The heterogeneity of cognitive profiles of braindamaged individuals and the use of independent tests to measure the links between these mechanisms and the comprehension of irony might contribute to this lack of clarity. The present study aimed to further explore the underlying mechanisms of irony-understanding disorders (i.e., context processing, executive functions [EF], and theory of mind [ToM]) in patients with brain lesions. Method: We used a paradigm manipulating these mechanisms within an irony task to identify different patterns of pragmatic performance associated with cognitive profiles. We administered this task and standard neuropsychological tests assessing EF and ToM to 30 participants with acquired brain injury (ABI) and 30 healthy control (HC) participants. Results: A cluster analysis revealed that two thirds of the participants with ABI (3 subgroups out of 4) presented atypical pragmatic and neuropsychological patterns. The most severe disturbances in understanding irony, characterized by insensitivity to the context, were associated with a joint impairment of ToM and EF in 1 subgroup. In the 2 other context-sensitive subgroups, an isolated deficit in EF co-occurred with difficulties dealing with literal or ironic statements when the EF demand of the irony task was increased. However, the effect of this EF demand could be negated by the presence of markers helping the comprehension of irony. Conclusion: These results have important clinical implications for the evaluation and therapy of pragmatic disorders in individuals with ABI.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Adjustment of speaker’s referential expressions to an addressee’s likely knowledge and link with theory of mind abilities
    (2015)
    Achim, Amélie M.
    ;
    Fossard, Marion 
    ;
    Couture, Sophie
    ;
    Achim, André
    To communicate cooperatively, speakers must determine what constitutes the common ground with their addressee and adapt their referential choices accordingly. Assessing another person’s knowledge requires a social cognition ability termed theory of mind (ToM). This study relies on a novel referential communication task requiring probabilistic inferences of the knowledge already held by an addressee prior to the study. Forty participants were asked to present 10 movie characters and the addressee, who had the same characters in a random order, was asked to place them in order. ToM and other aspects of social cognition were also assessed. Participants used more information when presenting likely unknown than likely known movie characters. They particularly increased their use of physical descriptors, which most often accompanied movie-related information. Interestingly, a significant relationship emerged between our ToM test and the increased amount of information given for the likely unknown characters. These results suggest that speakers use ToM to infer their addressee’s likely knowledge and accordingly adapt their referential expressions.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Theory of mind and cognitive processes in aging and Alzheimer type dementia: a systematic review
    (2014)
    Démonet, Jean-François
    ;
    Fossard, Marion 
    ;
    Sandoz, Mélanie 
    Objectives: Theory of mind (ToM) performance in aging and dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) has been a growing interest of researchers and recently, theoretical trends in ToM development have led to a focus on determining the cognitive skills involved in ToM performance. The aim of the present review is to answer three main questions: How is ToM assessed in aging and DAT? How does ToM performance evolve in aging and DAT? Do cognitive processes influence ToM performance in aging and DAT?
    Method: A systematic review was conducted to provide a targeted overview of recent studies relating ToM performance with cognitive processes in aging and DAT.
    Results: Results suggest a decrease in ToM performance, more pronounced in complex ToM tasks. Moreover, the review points up the strong involvement of executive functions, especially inhibition, and reasoning skills in ToM task achievement.
    Conclusion: Current data suggest that the structure of ToM tasks itself could lead to poor performance, especially in populations with reduced cognitive abilities.