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Turlings, Ted

Nom
Turlings, Ted
Affiliation principale
Fonction
Professeur.e ordinaire
Email
ted.turlings@unine.ch
Identifiants
https://libra.unine.ch/handle/123456789/330
_
0000-0002-8315-785X

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  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    A specialist root herbivore exploits defensive metabolites to locate nutritious tissues
    (2012)
    Robert, Christelle Aurélie Maud
    ;
    Veyrat, Nathalie 
    ;
    Glauser, Gaëtan 
    ;
    Marti, Guillaume
    ;
    Doyen, G. R.
    ;
    Villard, Neil 
    ;
    Gaillard, Mickaël David Philippe
    ;
    Köllner, Tobias G.
    ;
    Giron, David
    ;
    Body, Mélanie
    ;
    Babst, Benjamin A.
    ;
    Ferrieri, Richard A.
    ;
    Turlings, Ted 
    ;
    Erb, Matthias 
    The most valuable organs of plants are often particularly rich in essential elements, but also very well defended. This creates a dilemma for herbivores that need to maximise energy intake while minimising intoxication. We investigated how the specialist root herbivore Diabrotica virgifera solves this conundrum when feeding on wild and cultivated maize plants. We found that crown roots of maize seedlings were vital for plant development and, in accordance, were rich in nutritious primary metabolites and contained higher amounts of the insecticidal 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) and the phenolic compound chlorogenic acid. The generalist herbivores Diabrotica balteata and Spodoptera littoralis were deterred from feeding on crown roots, whereas the specialist D. virgifera preferred and grew best on these tissues. Using a 1,4-benzoxazin-3-one-deficient maize mutant, we found that D. virgifera is resistant to DIMBOA and other 1,4-benzoxazin-3-ones and that it even hijacks these compounds to optimally forage for nutritious roots.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Induction of root-resistance by leaf-herbivory follows a vertical gradient
    (2011)
    Erb, Matthias 
    ;
    Robert, Christelle Aurélie Maud
    ;
    Turlings, Ted 
    Leaf-herbivory can lead to systemic changes in root metabolism and resistance. As yet, it is unknown if these changes affect the whole root system, or if they are more pronounced in the upper root parts, which are closer to the actual site of attack. As this spatial aspect may be an important determinant of the interactions that can be expected to occur within the rhizosphere, we investigated if leaf-herbivore induced root resistance differs between upper and lower roots of maize. We also tested if the density of leaf-herbivores correlates with intensity of the root response. The systemic increase in resistance was found to be more pronounced in the upper than the lower roots and was independent of leaf herbivore density. The results suggest that there is a vertical gradient in the strength of the root response following leaf-herbivory, and that soil organisms living closer to the surface may be more affected by leaf-attack than the ones living in deeper soil layers.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Selection of entomopathogenic nematodes for enhanced responsiveness to a volatile root signal helps to control a major root pest
    (2010)
    Hiltpold, Ivan 
    ;
    Baroni, Mariane
    ;
    Toepfer, Stefan
    ;
    Kuhlmann, Ulrich
    ;
    Turlings, Ted 
    The efficacy of natural enemies as biological control agents against insect pests can theoretically be enhanced by artificial selection for high responsiveness to foraging cues. The recent discovery that maize roots damaged by the western corn rootworm (WCR) emit a key attractant for insect-killing nematodes has opened the way to explore whether a selection strategy can improve the control of root pests. The compound in question, (E)-beta-caryophyllene, is only weakly attractive to Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, one of the most infectious nematodes against WCR. To overcome this drawback, we used a six-arm below-ground olfactometer to select for a strain of H. bacteriophora that is more readily attracted to (E)-beta-caryophyllene. After six generations of selection, the selected strain responded considerably better and moved twice as rapidly towards a (E)-beta-caryophyllene source than the original strain. There was a minor trade-off between this enhanced responsiveness and nematode infectiveness. Yet, in subsequent field tests, the selected strain was significantly more effective than the original strain in reducing WCR populations in plots with a maize variety that releases (E)-beta-caryophyllene, but not in plots with a maize variety that does not emit this root signal. These results illustrate the great potential of manipulating natural enemies of herbivores to improve biological pest control.