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Sandoz, Mélanie

Nom
Sandoz, Mélanie
Affiliation principale
Fonction
Assistante / doctorante
Email
melanie.sandoz@unine.ch
Identifiants
https://libra.unine.ch/handle/123456789/584

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  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Mental Time Travel and Time Reference Difficulties in Alzheimer's Disease: Are they related? A systematic review
    (2022-5-9)
    Schaffner, Evodie 
    ;
    Sandoz, Mélanie 
    ;
    Grisot, Cristina
    ;
    Auclair-Ouellet, Noemie
    ;
    Fossard, Marion 
    Mental time travel and language enable us to go back and forth in time and to organizeand express our personal experiences through time reference. People with Alzheimer’sdisease have both mental time travel and time reference impairments, which can greatlyimpact their daily communication. Currently, little is known about the potential relationshipbetween time conceptualization (i.e., mental time travel) and time reference difficulties inthis disease. A systematic review of the literature was performed to determine if this linkhad already been investigated. Only three articles integrated both time conceptualizationand time reference measures. However, the link between the two was not systematicallyanalyzed and interpreted. This review highlights the lack of research addressing thequestion of the influence of time conceptualization impairments in Alzheimer’s disease onother cognitive domains, and especially language
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Referential adjustment during discourse production in Alzheimer's disease
    (2020-8-11)
    Sandoz, Mélanie 
    ;
    Iglesias, Katia 
    ;
    Achim, Amélie
    ;
    Démonet, Jean-François
    ;
    Fossard, Marion 
    Several studies have shown that people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) tend to use more pronouns than healthy aged adults when referring to entities during discourse. This referential behavior has been associated with the decrease of cognitive abilities, such as lexical retrieval difficulties or reduced abilities in working memory. However, the influence of certain important discourse factors on the referential choices made by people with AD has yet to be established. This study examines referential choices made at three discourse stages during narrative discourse (the introduction of a referent, the maintaining of the referent in focus, and the shift from one referent in focus to another). These referential choices are examined in increasingly complex referential contexts. In addition, this study investigates the relationships between referential choices and various cognitive abilities. To do so, the narrative discourses of 21 people with AD and 21 healthy adults were elicited using a newly developed storytelling in sequence task. The analyses focused on the production of three major referential expressions (indefinite expressions, definite expressions and pronouns) which are expected to vary according to discourse stage and the referential complexity of the stories. The results show that AD participants produce significantly fewer of the referential expressions expected at the introduction and shift stages than healthy aged adults produce. Nevertheless, the variation in the categories of referential expressions produced by the AD participants between the discourse stages is similar to that produced by the healthy aged adults, suggesting a preserved sensitivity to the factors manipulated in the task (i.e., discourse stages and referential complexity). This study also highlights the fact that different cognitive competences, especially executive abilities, are greatly involved in referential choices. The results add further evidence that referential choices rely on a variety of cognitive skills, depending on the discourse context in which they are made.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    L'ajustement référentiel dans le discours narratif au cours du vieillissement et dans la maladie d'Alzheimer
    (Neuchâtel, 2017)
    Sandoz, Mélanie 
    Introduction : En cours de narration, les locuteurs prennent en compte différentes sources d’informations afin de sélectionner une expression référentielle ajustée au statut cognitif du référent, dans la représentation du discours de l’interlocuteur. Dans la maladie d’Alzheimer (MA), plusieurs études tendent à souligner un ajustement référentiel problématique, qui résulterait principalement du profil cognitif particulier observé dans cette pathologie. Néanmoins, la contribution de facteurs d’importance, notamment linguistiques, n’a pas fait l’objet d’une étude spécifique. Par ailleurs, peu d’études démontrent des relations significatives entre certaines compétences cognitives et le profil référentiel observé dans cette population. Objectif : Ce travail a pour objectif principal de spécifier l’implication de différents facteurs, linguistiques, visuels et cognitifs sur les compétences d’ajustement référentiel de participants présentant une MA. Méthode : Afin de répondre aux objectifs, une tâche de narration d’histoires en séquence imagée permettant d’évaluer les compétences d’ajustement référentiel en situation d’interaction a été utilisée auprès de participants présentant une MA ainsi qu’auprès de participants âgés, sans troubles cognitifs avérés. Cette tâche permet de préciser l’effet du contexte visuel et linguistique dans la sélection des expressions référentielles en manipulant le nombre de personnages (1 vs 2), leur genre (sexes différents vs identique) ainsi que les étapes de construction narrative (introduction, maintien et changement du personnage en focus). Résultats : Comparativement aux participants contrôles, les participants présentant une MA produisent significativement moins d’expressions référentielles ajustées au statut cognitif des référents, particulièrement en étape d’introduction et de changement de personnage. Néanmoins, on observe chez ces participants une sensibilité préservée aux différents facteurs manipulés, dans la mesure où la variation des expressions produites est comparable à celle des participants contrôles. De plus, différentes compétences cognitives, exécutives et linguistiques présentent une implication significative sur la capacité des participants MA à sélectionner une expression référentielle appropriée au statut cognitif des référents. Conclusion : Cette étude permet de préciser l’implication de différents facteurs d’importance dans les capacités d’ajustement référentiel et met en évidence des aspects préservés chez les participants du groupe MA. Ces résultats peuvent avoir des implications à la fois pour l’évaluation et la prise en charge des difficultés d’ajustement référentiel. Abstract: Introduction : During discourse production, speakers take different information into account to produce a referential expression adjusted to the cognitive status of the referent in the mental representation of their addressee. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), several studies demonstrate a problematic referential adjustment that would result from the specific cognitive profile observed in this pathology. However, the involvement of different important factors, such as linguistic factors, has not yet been investigated. In addition, few studies showed significant relationships between some cognitive competences and the referential profile observed in this population. Aim : This study aims to specify the involvement of different linguistic, visual and cognitive factors on referential adjustment abilities of participants with AD. Method : A storytelling in sequence task was used to assess referential adjustment abilities during verbal interaction. This task enables to specify the effect of the visual and linguistic context on referential choices by manipulating the number of characters (1 vs 2), their gender (different vs same gender) and the discourse stages (introduction, maintaining and shift of the character in focus). Results : Compared to the control participants, the AD participants produce significantly less referential expressions that are adjusted to the referents cognitive status, especially at the introduction and the shift stages. Nevertheless, the AD participants present a preserved sensitivity to the manipulated factors in the way that the variation of the referential expressions produced by the AD participants is similar to the variation observed for the control participants. Moreover, different cognitive, executive and linguistic competences are significantly involved on the referential choices made by the AD and control participants. Conclusion : This study clarifies the involvement of different important factors in referential adjustment abilities. It highlights also that the AD participants present preserved referential competences. These results can have implications for both the assessment and the care of referential adjustment difficulties.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Theory of mind and cognitive processes in aging and Alzheimer type dementia: a systematic review
    (2014)
    Démonet, Jean-François
    ;
    Fossard, Marion 
    ;
    Sandoz, Mélanie 
    Objectives: Theory of mind (ToM) performance in aging and dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) has been a growing interest of researchers and recently, theoretical trends in ToM development have led to a focus on determining the cognitive skills involved in ToM performance. The aim of the present review is to answer three main questions: How is ToM assessed in aging and DAT? How does ToM performance evolve in aging and DAT? Do cognitive processes influence ToM performance in aging and DAT?
    Method: A systematic review was conducted to provide a targeted overview of recent studies relating ToM performance with cognitive processes in aging and DAT.
    Results: Results suggest a decrease in ToM performance, more pronounced in complex ToM tasks. Moreover, the review points up the strong involvement of executive functions, especially inhibition, and reasoning skills in ToM task achievement.
    Conclusion: Current data suggest that the structure of ToM tasks itself could lead to poor performance, especially in populations with reduced cognitive abilities.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    The storytelling in sequence test: assessing theory of mind through discourse production
    (: Federation of European Societies of Neuropsychology, 2011-9-6)
    Gonzalez, Sylvia 
    ;
    Achim, Amélie
    ;
    Lavoie, Marie Audrey
    ;
    Sandoz, Mélanie 
    ;
    Champagne-Lavau, Maud
    ;
    Fossard, Marion