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Novel laser sources for metrology and spectroscopy
- laser à cascade quantique (QCL)
- transitions inter-sous-bandes
- infrarouge moyen
- laser à rétroaction distribuée
- spectroscopie
- bruit de fréquence
- peigne de fréquence optique
- bruit de phase
- bas bruit
- réduction du bruit
- modulation de fréquence
- dynamique thermique
- laser titane:saphir
- laser à corps solide pompé par diode
- ultra-rapide
- femtoseconde
- décalage de fréquence entre porteuse et enveloppe
- auto-référencement
- laser à fibre
- modulation opto-optique (OOM)
- diode laser verte
- quantum cascade laser (QCL)
- intersubband transitions
- mid-infrared (mid-IR)
- distributed feedback laser
- spectroscopy
- frequency noise
- optical frequency comb
- phase noise
- low noise
- noise reduction
- frequency modulation
- thermal dynamics
- titanium sapphire (Ti:Sapphire) laser
- diode pumped solid state laser (DPSSL)
- ultrafast
- femtosecond
- carrier envelope offset (CEO)
- self-referencing
- fiber laser
- opto-optical modulation (OOM)
- green laser diode
laser à cascade quant...
transitions inter-sou...
infrarouge moyen
laser à rétroaction d...
spectroscopie
bruit de fréquence
peigne de fréquence o...
bruit de phase
bas bruit
réduction du bruit
modulation de fréquen...
dynamique thermique
laser titane:saphir
laser à corps solide ...
ultra-rapide
femtoseconde
décalage de fréquence...
auto-référencement
laser à fibre
modulation opto-optiq...
diode laser verte
quantum cascade laser...
intersubband transiti...
mid-infrared (mid-IR)...
distributed feedback ...
spectroscopy
frequency noise
optical frequency com...
phase noise
low noise
noise reduction
frequency modulation
thermal dynamics
titanium sapphire (Ti...
diode pumped solid st...
ultrafast
femtosecond
carrier envelope offs...
self-referencing
fiber laser
opto-optical modulati...
green laser diode
Abstract:
Lasers have revolutionized the photonics field as a coherent intense light source, capable of performing many tasks. They are widely used in industrial and medical applications, as well as for scientific research. Two important areas of applications are frequency metrology and spectroscopy. Quantum cascade lasers (QCL) cover a wide spectral region in the mid-infrared where most molecules exhibit strong characteristic absorption lines, the so-called molecular fingerprint. QCLs are highly suited for precise molecular spectroscopy, but in their standard configuration, their tuning range is limited. Better frequency tuning mechanisms are required, which can improve many applications. Frequency combs from mode-locked lasers cover a large optical bandwidth and are proven to be ideal tools for frequency metrology. However, many commonly used comb sources have strong drawbacks, in particular with respect to complexity, cost and size. This thesis presents novel directions to improve both QCLs and frequency combs for spectroscopy and metrology.<br> In the first part of this work, I focus on simple frequency combs generated by Ti:Sapphire lasers. The standard blue-green pumping solutions for Ti:Sapphire lasers are bulky, expensive, have low efficiency, and require a high degree of maintance. Moreover, they usually lack direct power modulation, which is an advantage for simple implementation of carrier-envelope offset (CEO) stabilization. In this thesis, I investigated the suitability of newly-emerged green laser diodes as pump sources. This work resulted in record-high optical-to-optical efficiencies for diode-pumped Ti:Sapphire lasers. More than 20% with 650 mW of output power for continuous wave, and 15% with 450 mW of output power for mode-locked operation of the laser have been obtained. Green pump diodes exhibit poor spectral and spatial properties compared to other previously used pump sources for Ti:Sapphire frequency combs. In this work, I showed that this challenge can be overcome and demonstrated the first CEO frequency detection and stabilization of a diode-pumped mode-locked Ti:Sapphire laser. Our work indicates the high potential of direct diode-pumping, and might lead to a new generation of cost-efficient and compact Ti:Sapphire lasers.<br> In the second part of this work, I investigate a novel comb stabilization method for fiber lasers. Today, fiber lasers constitute the majority of commercial frequency combs, because they are compact, easy-to-use and versatile. However, the traditional method of pump modulation is severely limited in feedback bandwidth due to the long gain lifetime, and low-noise sources require additional modulators. Here I demonstrate the first CEO frequency stabilization of an ultrafast fiber laser using opto-optical modulation of a semiconductor chip. Compared to standard pump modulation, the modulation bandwidth is improved by at least a factor of 60, enabling low-noise operation of the fiber laser frequency comb.<br> In the final study of this thesis, I evaluate a new generation of QCLs with improved frequency tuning properties. Existing frequency tuning mechanisms involve laser mount temperature and laser injection current tuning. Temperature tuning suffers from lack of speed and injection current tuning affects the optical output power due to the cross-talk. Here, I study the frequency tuning and modulation properties of a QCL with an integrated resistive heater placed in close proximity to the active region of the laser. This new heater enables fast actuation of the laser frequency with minimal effects on the laser output power. In a simple spectroscopy experiment, I clearly show that this new technique is a highly promising frequency actuator.