Résultat de la recherche
Applicants' storytelling in behavioral interviews: examining the roles of technology, culture and response framing in interview processes, outcomes, and criterion validity
Les entretiens d’embauche permettent aux recruteur-euse-s d’évaluer les caractéristiques des candidat-e-s dans le cadre d’une situation sociale où tou-te-s se rencontrent et échangent des informations les un-e-s sur les autres. Cependant, l’émergence de formats d’entretien digitaux comme les entretiens vidéo asynchrones (asynchronous video interview, AVIs) et de l’intelligence artificielle (IA) a transformé les entretiens, posant de nouveaux défis et de nouvelles opportunités. De plus, les comportements sociaux sont influencés par les normes culturelles, déterminant ainsi les comportements de chacun-e lors d’entretiens d’embauche. Cette thèse se concentre sur les processus d’entretien comme les réponses des candidat-e-s et les résultats comme les perceptions et évaluations des recruteur-euse-s en examinant le rôle du cadrage des réponses, des innovations technologiques et des dynamiques culturelles ; elle examine également la capacité des AVIs à prédire la performance au travail et le potentiel de l’IA pour aider les candidats dans ce processus. Quatre études ont été menées pour répondre à ces questions. L’étude 1 a exploré l’impact du cadrage émotionnel des réponses sur les évaluations des recruteur-euse-s. L’étude 2 a examiné la manière dont le média d’entretien et la culture de chacun-e affectent les réponses des candidat-e-s et la manière dont ils vont être évalués par les recruteureuse-s. L’étude 3 a investigué les effets des AVIs par rapport aux entretiens face à face sur les réponses et la performance des candidat-e-s ainsi que leur capacité à prédire la performance au travail. Finalement, l’étude 4 a développé des modèles utilisant l’IA pour identifier le contenu des réponses directement depuis des enregistrements audios de réponses dans le but d’ouvrir la voie à des plateformes de coaching automatisées pour les candidat-e-s. Les résultats ont montré que le cadrage émotionnel des réponses joue un rôle dans la manière dont les recruteur-euse-s les perçoivent et les évaluent. De plus, le médium d’entretien ainsi que les normes culturelles des candidat-e-s influencent le contenu des réponses et les perceptions des recruteurs. Néanmoins, les réponses des candidat-e-s et les évaluations des compétences sont comparables d’un médium à l’autre. De plus, les résultats montrent que les AVIs prédisent la performance au travail aussi bien que les entretiens face à face. Finalement, nos modèles utilisant l’IA démontrent qu’il est possible d’automatiser l’analyse du contenu des réponses à partir d’enregistrements audios de réponses. Cette thèse permet de mieux comprendre de ce qui influencent les réponses des candidat-e-s ainsi que les résultats des entretiens d’embauche et encourage à investiguer le potentiel de l’IA pour la préparation personalisée des entretiens. Elle apporte des implications pratiques pour la recherche et la pratique tout en discutant de ses limites. ABSTRACT Job interviews are a way for recruiters to assess applicants’ characteristics in a social encounter where recruiters and applicants meet and exchange information about each other. Yet, the emergence of technology-mediated interview formats such as asynchronous video interviews (AVIs) and artificial intelligence (AI) have transformed job interviews and pose new challenges and opportunities. Moreover, social behaviors are influenced by culture, thus governing one’s behavior in job interviews. This thesis focuses on interview processes such as applicants’ responses and outcomes, like recruiters’ perceptions and evaluations, examining the role of response framing, technological innovations and cultural dynamics; it also investigates the ability of AVIs to predict job performance and the potential of AI in helping applicants in this process. This thesis presents four studies that address these questions. Study 1 explored the impact of emotional framing in responses on recruiters’ evaluations. Study 2 examined how interview media and individuals’ culture affect applicants’ responses and recruiters’ perceptions of applicants. Building on this, Study 3 further examined the effects of AVIs versus face-to-face interviews on applicants’ responses and performance and established how well AVI helps predict job performance. Finally, Study 4 developed AI models to analyze the content of applicants’ responses, paving the way for automated coaching platforms for applicants. Findings indicate that the emotional framing of responses plays a role in how recruiters perceive them. Also, both the interview medium and applicants’ cultural background influence the content of responses and recruiters’ evaluations. However, the response content and interview performance were mostly comparable across interview media. Results also indicate that AVIs can predict applicants’ job performance as effectively as face-to-face interviews. Finally, our AI model demonstrates that it is possible to automate the analysis of response content from audio recordings. This thesis helps to understand what affects applicants’ responses and affects interview outcomes and encourages to further investigate the potential of AI to provide personalized interview training. It offers implications for interview research and practice and discuss its limits.
Nonverbal Behavior in Selection Interviews: Relation to Communion, Agency, and Interview Performance
Abstract: In selection interviews, applicant nonverbal cues elicit impressions that affect evaluations. However, little is known about which micro cues and macro impressions are impactful. The current study measured 21 micro and macro impressions and their influence on interview performance from thin slices of 70 videotaped structured mock interviews. Interview performance was positively associated with six macro impressions and with vocal attractiveness. Performance was negatively related to being anxious and facial attractiveness. Micro cues, overall physical appearance, and overall likability were not correlated with performance. Smiling and hand gestures were associated with macro impressions. Moreover, macro impressions combined into the Big Two dimensions of interpersonal perception, Communion and Agency, which both predicted interview performance.
The content and spread of conspiracy theories
La croyance aux théories du complot (TC) est associée à de nombreux préjudices sociétaux, notamment la violence, le refus des vaccins et l’extrémisme politique. Compte tenu de la vitesse et de l’intensité avec lesquelles les informations se propagent sur l’internet, il est urgent de comprendre ce que sont les TC et comment elles circulent. À travers quatre études, cette thèse de doctorat vise à atteindre cet objectif: comprendre le contenu et la diffusion des TC. Dans l’étude 1, nous avons développé le plus grand corpus de TC disponibleaujourd’hui, LOCO, qui permet d’explorer le contenu et la diffusion des TC. Une analyse du contenu linguistique a montré que les textes conspirationnistes sont axés sur la tromperie, le pouvoir et la domination. Les pages web conspirationnistes qui s’appuient sur un langage conspirationniste prototypique sont davantage partagées sur Facebook. Dans l’étude 2, nous avons constaté que les textes conspirationnistes sont plus interconnectés, plus hétérogènes sur le plan thématique et plus semblables les uns aux autres. Ces résultats ont apporté un soutien empirique solide à l’idée d’une vision globale du monde conspirationniste dans les récits conspirationnistes. Dans l’étude 3, nous avons développé des mesures pour évaluer les éléments de la pensée divergente et convergente dans les textes. Nous montrons que les textes conspirationnistes sont plus originaux, sémantiquement divergents et sophistiqués, mais moins adaptés à leur contexte et moins variables que les textes non conspirationnistes. Les résultats indiquent un déséquilibre entre la pensée divergente et la pensée convergente et peuvent expliquer l’accumulation de TC dans les systèmes de croyance des gens. Dans l’étude 4, nous avons conçu une étude de terrain pour comparer l’impact des médias sociaux et des biais cognitifs individuels sur le comportement de navigation en ligne vers des sites web classés en fonction de leur type et de leur force idéologique. Nous avons constaté qu’à mesure que l’idéologie conspirationniste des sites web augmente, la contribution des biais cognitifs individuels s’accroît au détriment du trafic provenant des médias sociaux. En résumé, les résultats obtenus dans le cadre de cette thèse ont des implications pratiques. En ce qui concerne le contenu des TC, la présence d’une mentalité conspirationniste qui émerge des textes représente une possibilité prévisible de développer des algorithmes pour la détection automatique des TC en ligne. En ce qui concerne la diffusion des TC, le fait de savoir que les biais cognitifs individuels favorisent l’accès aux sites web conspirationnistes suggère que les interventions au niveau individuel, telles que l’amélioration de la pensée critique, devraient être prioritaires dans la lutte contre la diffusion des TC. Belief in conspiracy theories (CTs) is associated with numerous societal harms, including violence, vaccine refusal, and political extremism. Given the speed and intensity with which information spread through the internet, there is a pressing need to understand what CTs are and how they circulate. Across four studies, This PhD thesis works towards this goal: understanding the content and spread of CTs. In Study 1, we developed the largest corpus of CTs available today, LOCO, that allows to explore the content and spread of CTs. An analysis of linguistic content showed that conspiracy texts are focused on deception, power, and dominance. Conspiracy webpages that rely on prototypical conspiratorial language are more shared on Facebook. In Study 2, we found that conspiracy texts are more interconnected, more topically heterogeneous, and more similar to one another. These results provided strong empirical support for an overarching conspiracy worldview in conspiracy narratives. In Study 3, we developed measures to assess elements of divergent and convergent thinking in texts. We show that conspiracy texts were more original, semantically divergent, and sophisticated, but less appropriate to their context and less variable compared to those in non-conspiracy texts. Results point to an imbalance between divergent and convergent thinking and may explain the accumulation of CTs within people’s belief systems. In Study 4, we devised a field study to compare the impact of social media and individual cognitive biases on online browsing behavior towards websites classified on ideological types and strength. We found that as the websites’ conspiratorial ideology increases, the contribution from individual cognitive biases increases at the expense of traffic from social media. In sum, results obtained from this thesis have practical implications. As for the content of CTs, the presence of conspiracy mentality that emerges from texts represents a foreseeable possibility to develop algorithms for the automatic detection of CTs online. In regard to the spread of CTs, knowing that individual cognitive biases drive access to conspiracy websites suggests that individual-level interventions, such as improving critical thinking, should be prioritized in the fight against the spread of CTs.
Awake together: Sociopsychological processes of engagement in conspiracist communities.
Research on conspiracy theories tends to frame conspiracy believers as isolated individuals falling prey to irrational beliefs caused by a variety of pathological traits and cognitive shortcomings. But evidence is accumulating that conspiracy theory believers are also linked together in social movements capable of effectively coordinated collective action. We propose that conspiracy theory beliefs evolve over time, as part of a process of increasing disengagement from mainstream groups, and concomitant engagement in a community of like-minded individuals, capable of coordinated collective action. This approach allows portraying extreme conspiracism as attractive not despite its apparent irrationality, but precisely because of it. As such, conspiracy theories could not only be conceived as "beliefs" but also as "social signals" advertising a subversive "counter-elite" posture.
From Forest to Zoo: Domain Adaptation in Animal Behavior Recognition for Great Apes with ChimpBehave
This paper addresses the significant challenge of recognizing behaviors in non-human primates, specifically focusing on chimpanzees. Automated behavior recognition is crucial for both conservation efforts and the advancement of behavioral research. However, it is significantly hindered by the labor-intensive process of manual video annotation. Despite the availability of large-scale animal behavior datasets, the effective application of machine learning models across varied environmental settings poses a critical challenge, primarily due to the variability in data collection contexts and the specificity of annotations. In this paper, we introduce ChimpBehave, a novel dataset featuring over 2 hours of video (approximately 193,000 video frames) of zoo-housed chimpanzees, meticulously annotated with bounding boxes and behavior labels for action recognition. ChimpBehave uniquely aligns its behavior classes with existing datasets, allowing for the study of domain adaptation and cross-dataset generalization methods between different visual settings. Furthermore, we benchmark our dataset using a state-of- theart CNN-based action recognition model, providing the first baseline results for both within and cross-dataset settings. The dataset, models, and code can be accessed at: https://github.com/MitchFuchs/ChimpBehave
Does Lexical Coordination Affect Epistemic and Practical Trust? The Role of Conceptual Pacts.
The present study investigated whether humans are more likely to trust people who are coordinated with them. We examined a well-known type of linguistic coordination, lexical entrainment, typically involving the elaboration of "conceptual pacts," or partner-specific agreements on how to conceptualize objects. In two experiments, we manipulated lexical entrainment in a referential communication task and measured the effect of this manipulation on epistemic and practical trust. Our results showed that participants were more likely to trust a coordinated partner than an uncoordinated one, but only when the latter broke previously established conceptual pacts.
Automatic identification of storytelling responses to past‐behavior interview questions via machine learning
AbstractStructured interviews often feature past‐behavior questions, where applicants are asked to tell a story about past work experience. Applicants often experience difficulties producing such stories. Automatic analyses of applicant behavior in responding to past‐behavior questions may constitute a basis for delivering feedback and thus helping them improve their performance. We used machine learning algorithms to predict storytelling in transcribed speech of participants responding to past‐behavior questions in a simulated selection interview. Responses were coded as to whether they featured a story or not. For each story, utterances were also manually coded as to whether they described the situation, the task/action performed, or results obtained. The algorithms predicted whether a response features a story or not (best accuracy: 78%), as well as the count of situation, task/action, and response utterances. These findings contribute to better automatic identification of verbal responses to past‐behavior questions and may support automatic provision of feedback to applicants about their interview performance.
Okay as a marker for coordinating transitions in joint actions: Effects of participant role and age in Swiss German and Swiss French interviews
Joint actions like everyday conversations feature the use of speech particles like back-channels or discourse markers to coordinate transitions from one part of the action to another. Transitions can be either horizontal (within tasks or subtasks; i.e., moving from one step to the next in a task) or vertical (between tasks or subtasks). In English, okay is typically used to coordinate vertical transitions. In institutionalized joint actions, okay is used especially by institutional representatives to manage the joint action. Little is known about these uses of okay in other languages, or about when okay may have diffused into those languages. We investigated the use of okay as a vertical coordination marker in Swiss German research interviews and Swiss French job interviews. Okay was consistently used as a vertical transition marker in both settings, especially by interviewers. Younger participants used okay more often than older participants. The findings suggest that okay may have diffused into other languages not only as a marker of agreement, but also as a marker for coordinating transitions.
International use of laughter in bonobos and chimpanzees?
Although laughter is generally associated with humor and was long thought to be uniquely human, growing evidence highlights its existence in other species like primates or rats. Research on nonhuman primates’ laughter emphasizes its emotionality and context-specificity as it mostly occurs during play or when tickled, whereas human voluntary laughter presents such functional flexibility that no classification system seems to exhaust its meaning. Although laughter is identified as a tool to coordinate joint actions by easing transitions between topics and by managing social relationships in humans, these patterns have not yet been investigated in other primates. Focusing on dyadic social play in two species of great apes, bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), we explore the interaction of coordination (transition between moments of an interaction) and social relationships (rank differences and social bond strength) in predicting laughter presence (1/0) and type (contact/non-contact). We show not only that laughter is used to reengage play in apes, but also that non-contact laughter seems to be a specialized coordination tool used to intentionally reengage play-activity in apes, almost absent at other moments of the interaction, be it during the Main Body or at other transition points. Rank differences and social bond strength did not however appear significant predictors neither of laughter presence nor of type. Although the same patterns were observed between species and although laughter quantity was not directly assessed, bonobos showed a higher propensity to laugh during the Main Body of the interaction and when reengaging play than chimpanzees.
Interconnectedness and (in)coherence as a signature of conspiracy worldviews.
Conspiracy theories may arise out of an overarching conspiracy worldview that identifies common elements of subterfuge across unrelated or even contradictory explanations, leading to networks of self-reinforcing beliefs. We test this conjecture by analyzing a large natural language database of conspiracy and nonconspiracy texts for the same events, thus linking theory-driven psychological research with data-driven computational approaches. We find that, relative to nonconspiracy texts, conspiracy texts are more interconnected, more topically heterogeneous, and more similar to one another, revealing lower cohesion within texts but higher cohesion between texts and providing strong empirical support for an overarching conspiracy worldview. Our results provide inroads for classification algorithms and further exploration into individual differences in belief structures.