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Le Bayon, Renée-Claire
Nom
Le Bayon, Renée-Claire
Affiliation principale
Email
claire.lebayon@unine.ch
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Résultat de la recherche
Voici les éléments 1 - 7 sur 7
- PublicationAccès libreSoil properties and plant species can predict population size and potential introduction sites of the endangered orchid Cypripedium calceolus(2023-2-16)
; ; Background and Aims To counteract the ongoing worldwide biodiversity loss, conservation actions are required to re-establish populations of threatened species. Two key factors predominantly involved in finding the most suitable habitats for endangered plant species are the surrounding plant community composition and the physicochemical parameters of the soil rooting zone. However, such factors are likely to be context- and species-dependent, so it remains unclear to what extent they influence the performance of target species. Methods We studied large and small Swiss populations of the endangered orchid Cypripedium calceolus. We measured functional traits related to C. calceolus plant and population performance (clonal patch area, plant height, number, of leaf, stems, flowers and fruits), realized vegetation surveys, soil profile analyses, and tested for relationships between plant traits and the surrounding vegetation structure or soil physicochemical parameters. Results Large populations contained bigger patches with more stems and leaves, and produced more flower per individual than small populations. Neither vegetation alliances nor soil classes per se could predict C. calceolus functional traits and population size. However, functional traits explaining population performance and size were related to specific soil parameters (soil organic matter content, pH and phosphorus), in addition to a combination of presence-absence of plant indicator species, relating to ecotones between forests and clearings. Conclusion We show that even for species that can grow across a wide range of vegetation groups both indicator species and specific soil parameters can be used to assess the most favourable sites to implement (re)-introduction actions. - PublicationAccès libreDetecting preservation and reintroduction sitesfor endangered plant species using a two-step modelingand field approach(2022-8-10)
; ; - PublicationAccès libreDirect and indirect effects of urban gardening on aboveground and belowground diversity influencing soil multifunctionality(2019-7-5)
; ; - PublicationAccès libreLitter decomposition driven by soil fauna, plant diversity and soil management in urban gardens(2019-3-1)
; ; - PublicationAccès libreImpacts of urban gardening on soil quality, soil fauna and soil multifunctionality(2019)
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Ensuite, la décomposition des matières organiques a été étudiée en utilisant des sachets de litière de deux maillages différents (1 et 4 mm) et deux sortes de litière (Zea mays L., feuilles et tiges). S’agissant de la litière, les taux de décomposition les plus élevés concernent les organismes de la macro- et de la mésofaune; ils sont plus élevés pour les feuilles, plus faciles à décomposer. Ici encore, les pratiques horticoles représentent un des principaux facteurs influant sur la décomposition de la matière organique ainsi que sur la diversité de la faune du sol (vers de terre, collemboles, isopodes et gastéropodes).
Nous avons également trouvé une relation positive entre la richesse spécifique de la pédofaune (4 groupes taxonomiques, 120 espèces et 81’007 individus) et la richesse spécifique des espèces végétales en décomposition. Cela indique que, même dans les espaces verts urbains, la biodiversité stimule les services écosystémiques. En outre, nous avons évalué l’impact des trois types d’utilisation du jardin sur la faune et la multifonctionnalité des sols, en relation avec la production d’aliments et la fertilité du sol. Les pratiques horticoles n’ont pas seulement déterminé la diversité des plantes en surface, ils ont également eu des implications sur la pédofaune et les fonctions du sol. Les effets les plus importants sur la multifonctionnalité des sols sont liés à la variabilité des caractéristiques des sols. Nous avons constaté que, dans tous les sols de jardin, une qualité biologique élevée du sol a un effet positif sur sa multifonctionnalité, alors que l’intensité des pratiques diminue la diversité des plantes et celle la faune du sol.
De plus, la richesse spécifique de la pédofaune diminue avec le degré d’urbanisation, mais l’abondance augmente. Les taux de décomposition sont également plus élevés dans les zones les plus urbanisées, mais aucun effet significatif n’a été constaté en lien avec la multifonctionnalité des sols.
Cependant, peu d’études documentent l’effet des pratiques horticoles. Par conséquent, nous estimons qu’il existe un grand potentiel pour les futures recherches sur les écosystèmes de type jardins urbains, par exemple en ce qui concerne d’autres fonctions du sol comme stockage du carbone ou de l’eau, mais également les effets des pratiques culturales organiques sur la biodiversité en ville. Ainsi, de nombreux jardiniers utilisent encore des pesticides sans connaître les effets dommageables sur la biodiversité et la qualité du sol. À l’avenir, les études pourraient développer et analyser les pratiques de jardinage éco- logique sur la diversité en surface et souterraine et leurs effets sur la qualité des sols à long terme, par exemple par le biais d’une approche scientifique citoyenne.
En général, nous avons souligné que pour maintenir des services écosystèmes importantes, les pratiques de protectrices du sol, comme l’application de compost ou de paillis, doivent être intégrées dans les stratégies des planifications d’espaces verts urbains, mais aussi au niveau des associations locales de jardins. Nous concluons que les jardins urbains ont le potentiel pour augmenter la biodiversité et des services écosystémiques urbaines, tout aussi bien qu’ils sont des points de rencontre de personnes et améliorant le bien-être humain.
De manière générale, pour favoriser et maintenir des services écosystémiques performants, les pratiques de protection du sol, comme l’application de compost ou de paillis, doivent être intégrées dans les stratégies de planification d’espaces verts urbains, mais aussi au niveau des associations locales de jardins. Nous concluons que les jardins urbains ont le potentiel d’augmenter la biodiversité et les services écosystémiques urbains, tout autant qu’ils constituent des points de rencontre de personnes, améliorant ainsi les contacts et le bien-être humain., Urban gardens are important and at the same time popular greenspaces. As urban areas are expanding globally, urban gardens play an increasingly important role in contributing to essential ecosystem services, well-being of citizens, and biodiversity in a city. Gardening activities determine above- and belowground diversity of plants and insects. However, the effect of gardening activities on soil quality and soil functions have rarely been studied. For this purpose, a city-wide assessment of soil quality including key soil fauna species and soil functions was established on 170 plots in 85 urban gardens of the city of Zurich. They have been selected in accordance to an urbanisation gradient and to cover the spectrum of existing garden management practices, from intensively managed annual vegetable beds to extensively managed gardens dominated by perennial flowers and grass species. A management survey for the 85 participating gardeners was developed in collaboration with the subproject on aboveground ecosystem services, such as pollination and pest control, and the subproject studying the social value of urban gardens. This management survey was then used to assess drivers in soil quality, measured by a multitude of physical, chemical and biological soil quality indicators.
Taken together, soil quality was shaped by garden management activities and was mainly determined by three urban garden land-use types: vegetables (annual vegetation), flowers and berries (perennial vegetation dominated by forbs), and lawn (perennial vegetation dominated by grasses). In addition, heavy metal concentrations were linked to the proximity to traffic and industry, but not to other factors such as garden management or garden age.
Next, the soil function decomposition of organic material was investigated with litter bags of two different mesh sizes (1 and 4 mm) and litter types (Zea mays L. leaves and stems). In both litter types, we found the highest decomposition rates including both macro- and mesofauna species, but decomposition rates were higher in leaves, which are the better decomposable litter type. Garden management was again a main influencing factor affecting soil function decomposition and diversity of soil fauna species (earthworms, collembola, isopods and gastropods). We found a positive relationship of soil fauna species richness (4 taxonomic groups, 120 species and 81’007 individuals) as well as plant species richness with decomposition. This indicated that also in intensively managed urban greenspaces, such as urban gardens, biodiversity drives ecosystem services.
Furthermore, we assessed the impact of the three garden land-use types on soil fauna and multiple soil functions, related to food production and soil quality. The management of specific garden land-use types not only determined the diversity of plants aboveground, it had also implications on soil fauna and soil functions belowground. The strongest effects influencing soil multifunctionality were caused by the differences in soil characteristics. We found that across all urban garden soils, high soil biological quality had a positive effect on soil multifunctionality, whereas management intensity decreased plant and soil fauna diversity, which had a positive effect on soil multifunctionality. Moreover, we found that soil fauna species richness most often decreased with urbanisation, but soil fauna abundance increased. Decomposition rates were also found to be higher in more urbanised areas, while no significant effect was found with soil multifunctionality.
However, very little studies investigate current gardening practices. Therefore, we see a great potential of future investigations in urban garden ecosystems, for instance about other soil functions such as carbon or water storage potential, but also about effects of organic gardening practices on urban biodiversity. As an example, we have found that many gardeners still use pesticides in their gardens without knowing its detrimental effects on biodiversity and soil quality. Since the vast majority of urban gardeners are supportive of biodiversity, futures studies could develop and analyse ecological gardening practices on above- and belowground diversity and their effects on long-term soil quality, for example with a citizen science approach.
Overall, we highlighted that soil protective management practices, such as applying compost or mulch, and lower management intensity need to be integrated in urban planning strategies on a citywide scale but also at the local garden association level, in order to maintain important ecosystem services. We conclude that urban gardens have the potential to increase urban biodiversity and important ecosystem services, while at the same time being meeting points for people with different social backgrounds and increasing human well-being. - PublicationAccès libreUrban Soil Quality Assessment—A Comprehensive Case Study Dataset of Urban Garden Soils(2018-11-13)
; ; - PublicationAccès libreA Gardener's Influence on Urban Soil Quality(2018-5-8)
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