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de Saint Laurent, Constance

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de Saint Laurent, Constance
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https://libra.unine.ch/handle/123456789/722

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  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Setting specificity and memory: A perspective from sociocultural psychology
    (London: Information Age, 2019)
    de Saint Laurent, Constance 
    ;
    Wagoner, B
    ;
    Zadeh, Sophie
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Making sense of refugees on social media: Perspective-taking, political imagination, and Internet memes
    (2018-9-29)
    Glaveanu, Vlad
    ;
    de Saint Laurent, Constance 
    ;
    Literat, Ioana
    There are many dimensions to the ongoing European refugee crisis, including economic, political, and humanitarian. Underlying them, however, is the issue of self–other relations and, in particular, the ways in which Western societies construct images of otherness, defined in cultural, religious and political terms. Since many participants in these debates have never actually interacted with refugees, their reactions to the crisis are often infused by emotion and fueled by a form of imagination that carries political consequences. At the core of this political imagination, we propose, are certain understandings of refugees, of how they think, feel, and intend to act. In other words, more or less explicit processes of perspective taking are at play in audiences’ responses to refugees. In this article, we aim to unpack the social and psychological mechanisms involved in taking the perspective of refugees on digital platforms using the Commitment Model of Perspective Taking (CMPT). Specifically, since online media is a key channel for sharing views about refugees, our focus here is on refugee-related Internet memes shared on Reddit, and the conversations around these visual artifacts. Our findings indicate that participants in these forums most often construct the perspective of refugees from an outside position, based on a commitment to difference, and rarely try to identify with the situation of refugees. We then discuss the ways in which these forms of perspective taking stimulate or hinder reflexivity and contribute to a political imagination that is open to otherness and tolerant of diversity or, on the contrary, fearful and prejudiced towards refugees.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Imagining collective futures. Perspectives from social, cultural and political psychology
    (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018)
    de Saint Laurent, Constance 
    ;
    Obradovic, Sandra
    ;
    Carriere, Kevin
    The idea of this book came from a common observation: although the construction of a collective future is often seen as the end game of many social phenomena (e.g., collective memory, ideology, social change, creativity, etc.), this process is most often left unexplored. The aim of this book is thus to bring together researcher working on imagination and future construction, collective phenomena and social change, in order to gain a better understanding of how collective futures are imagined. The contributions to this book are expected to engage with the processes by which social groups, communities and nations create possible futures. By doing so, this book will shed new lights on the importance of the future in shaping present ideas, values and behaviours. The list of contributors includes junior and more established researchers, therefore providing a great opportunity for a fruitful exchange of ideas. This book will be published in the Palgrave Studies in Creativity and Culture (Springer), edited by Vlad Glaveanu & Brady Wagoner.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Introduction. What may the future hold?
    (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018)
    de Saint Laurent, Constance 
    ;
    Obradovic, Sandra
    ;
    Carriere, Kevin
    ;
    de Saint Laurent, Constance 
    ;
    Obradovic, Sandra
    ;
    Carriere, Kevin
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Thinking through time: From collective memories to collective futures
    (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018)
    de Saint Laurent, Constance 
    ;
    de Saint Laurent, Constance 
    ;
    Obradovic, Sandra
    ;
    Carriere, Kevin
    In this chapter I look at the links between collective memory and the imagination of collective futures. Drawing on works on imagination and autobiographical memory, I first discuss the role of past experiences in imagining the future. I then explore the consequences of such a perspective for collective memories and collective futures, which will lead me to argue that the former provides the basis for the latter. Three case studies are presented, each illustrating a different type of relation between collective memory and collective imagination: 1) collective memory as a frame of reference to imagine the future; 2) collective memory as a source of experiences and examples to imagine what is likely, possible or desirable; and 3) collective memory as generalisable experience from which representations of the world – Personal World Philosophies – are constructed and in turn used to imagine the collective future. This will lead me to the conclusion that representations of the world are characterised by “temporal heteroglossia”, the simultaneous presence of multiple periods of time, and that they mediate the relation between collective memory and collective imagination, allowing us to “think through time”.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Cultural Psychology and Politics: Otherness, democracy and the refugee crisis
    (Charlotte: Information Age, 2018)
    de Saint Laurent, Constance 
    ;
    Glăveanu, Vlad
    ;
    Wagoner, B
    ;
    Bresco de Luna, I.
    ;
    Glăveanu, Vlad
    What does psychology have to offer to the pursuit of actualised democracy? Starting from the assumption – that we share with Moghaddam – that psychology has an important role to play in this regard, we propose to develop a cultural psychological perspective on the topic. To do so, we first revisit four common assumptions about democracy through the lens of cultural psychology. We then present the notion of political imagination as a tool to unpack how (the democratic) self, others and societies are imagined and constructed in discourse. We apply this notion to a series of four examples stemming from the on-going refugee crisis, and we illustrate how the psychological categories proposed by Moghaddam can be used to defend a vision of society that excludes others. Finally, we turn towards the concept of perspective taking, and we conclude that psychology’s contribution should focus on self-other relations – not just on the idealised, democratic self – as these are simultaneously political, psychological and ethical.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Uses of the past: History as a resource for the present
    (Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science: Springer International Publishing, 2018)
    Obradovic, Sandra
    ;
    de Saint Laurent, Constance 
    Research on collective memory – exploring the lay representations of history – has been booming in the past decades, particularly since the collapse of the Soviet Union. In this context, the past has started to be seen as not only interesting in itself, but as especially relevant to understand the present: it weighs on it by shaping our relations with other groups and by defining who we are, to use terms common in collective memory research. The past is thus given authority over the present (and often the future), by assuming that its transformations and deformations play a determining role in the way we understand ourselves and act with others, as members of social groups. In this special issue, we propose to look, on the contrary, at how the past is transformed and mobilised for the present. That is, instead of conceiving the past as weighting on the present, we would like to explore how it is mobilised and brought to the present, as a resource to give meaning to present actions and groups as well as to imagine collective futures. The contributions to this special issue will thus focus on how history is used in the present, for what purpose and with what results. The aim of this special issue is also to offer a space to PhD students and post-doctoral fellows to develop new ideas and to promote them within the scientific community. The issue will thus be composed of two parts: a series of articles proposed by ‘junior’ researchers and a series of commentaries by ‘experts’ in the field.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Collective remembering: new developments and future perspectives
    (Culture & Psychology: Sage, 2017)
    de Saint Laurent, Constance 
    ;
    Bresco de Luna, I.
    ;
    Awad, Sarah
    ;
    Wagoner, B
    From discussions in the media about this year’s 70th anniversary of the end of the Second World War to debates about the content of school history textbooks, collective memory is a topic that permeates public and scientific forums alike. What we remember and, most importantly, how we remember the past, seems fundamental for the way in which we come to understand our present and imagine our future as individual, groups, and societies (Liu & Hilton, 2005). And yet, the debate concerns not only the content of collective memory but the concept of collective memory itself, its definition, applicability, and its future (Brockmeier, 2010). Collective remembering can be broadly defined as the process by which discourses on the historical past are produced. Beyond the questions of ‘who’ does the remembering, ‘how’, and ‘for what purposes’, this broad understanding might sound like a solid starting point for this research area. However, it is not so much shared definitions that unify the field, but rather a critique of old approaches to collective memory, accused of turning it into static, reified representations about the past (Wertsch, 2002). Beyond this critique, important questions remain concerning the content of collective memory (is it a narrative, a form of meaning-making, a representation?), its functions (is it a way to define ourselves, to give meaning to the world, to imagine what may come next?), and its boundaries (does it concern only recent events, only the past of one’s social group, or does it refer to a global understanding of history?). Answers to such questions tend to vary from researcher to researcher. However, they are not always contradictory and could actually complement each other. This makes dialogue between scholars all the more important for understanding and articulating the different aspects of collective memory. In addition, there is also value in looking ‘outwards’ for inspiration, beyond the area of collective memory. Plagued by a narrow definition of memory in psychology (as recall), the field of collective memory tends to operate with a broader understanding of what remembering is. From a sociocultural perspective, to remember involves much more than memory alone (Wagoner, 2015) and engages one’s imagination and creativity in a complex act of future-making. As such, it becomes important to have an inter-disciplinary dialogue between collective memory scholars and colleagues working in related fields within social and cultural psychology. This special issue aims to bring together a small group of junior and senior researchers who share both a common interest for collective remembering and connected topics, as well as a set of theoretical assumptions about the social and cultural nature of human activity and the future-oriented nature of constructing meaning about self and world. Its primary aim is to open up a space for discussion between cultural psychologists interested in how discourses on history are used and produced and for their theoretical and practical consequences.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Reflexivity
    (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016)
    de Saint Laurent, Constance 
    ;
    Glaveanu, Vlad
    Do we need reflexivity in order to be creative? Many would probably be inclined to see a connection between a contemplative attitude and creativity, an image deeply rooted in our (frequently) romantic conception of the genius (Montuori & Purser, 1995). Rodin’s well-known sculpture ‘The Thinker’ embodies this association, but it also opens up the question of what the creator is actually reflecting on. Reflexivity, as commonly defined in dictionaries, suggests turning towards oneself and, in this sense, if we assume Rodin’s ‘Thinker’ is engaged in an act of reflexivity, perhaps he is deeply immersed in thought about his own condition. Is he self-absorbed? There is a crucial difference to be made between reflection and reflexivity. The old story of Narcissus tells us he was so much in love with his own image, his own reflection (in the water), that he drowned trying to reach it. Turning towards oneself, in order to foster creative action, needs, on the contrary, to create a distance between observer and observed, not collapse these two positions. Here lies the paradox of reflexivity and, at the same time, the feature that makes it essential for creativity. The observer and the observed are one and the same person and yet, to avoid self-absorption, they need to be differentiated. We can think about other people and objects in the world but, in order to reflect on oneself, the self needs to become other to itself. This accomplishment both draws on our interactions with others and defines us as social beings (Gillespie, 2006; Mead, 1934). Our definition of reflexivity is thus fundamentally social – being reflective is not a solipsistic (as in the case of Narcissus) or solitary (as in the case of Rodin’s ‘Thinker’) act. Reflexivity implies being able to take distance and look at one’s self or action from an external position. This external position can be the one of another person that we are either in dialogue with or whose views we have internalised, or even our own self as we know it from the past or imagine it in the future. All these positions facilitate de-centration, preventing us from becoming trapped in unitary, singular and egocentric views of self and world. Ultimately, such de-centration makes us flexible, creative (Gl˘aveanu & Lubart, 2014), and capable of agentic action (Martin & Gillespie, 2010). Reflexivity is important for creativity because it builds on our ability to develop new perspectives on reality, while turning these perspectives back on the self and our ongoing action. This marks the difference between creative potential (i.e., being able to generate different novel ideas) and creative achievement (i.e., using these ideas to understand things differently and act in new ways). Our argument here is that engaging in reflexivity not only generates new potential understandings of self and its situation, but prompts the person to imagine and act upon these possibilities. Through this, we are not only postulating the crucial role of others for developing a position of reflexivity, but claim that such a position is intrinsically related to (creative) action. Being reflective supports creative expression precisely because it goes beyond constructing a Narcissus-like ‘reflection’ of the self; it places multiple positions about self and world in active dialogue with each other. This dynamic is crucial for the work of artists, scientists and inventors, but it also permeates creativity in everyday life and in the social domain. The illustration that follows explores the link between creativity and reflexivity within society. It focuses on a tragic event that shook public opinion in France and internationally, occasioning unprecedented levels of social mobilisation, engaging a wide range of positions and generating a variety of (socially creative) perspectives and responses.