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  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Highly cytotoxic diruthenium trithiolato complexes of the type [(?6-p-MeC6H4Pri)2Ru2(?2-SR)3]+: synthesis, characterization, molecular structure and in vitro anticancer activity
    (2013)
    Giannini, Federico
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    Paul, Lydia E. H.
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    Furrer, Julien
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    Cationic dinuclear p-cymene Ru complexes bridged by three thiophenolato ligands contg. various substituents mainly in meta and ortho positions, [(?6-p-MeC6H4Pri)2Ru2(?2-SR)3]+ (R = 3-C6H4Me: 1; R = 3-C6H4OMe: 2; R = 3-C6H4OEt: 3; R = 3-C6H4CF3: 4; R = 3-C6H4NH2: 5; R = 3-C6H4Cl: 6; R = 2-C6H4Me: 7; R = 2-C6H4OMe: 8; R = 2-C6H4Pri: 9; R = 2-C6H4CF3: 10; R = npt: 11 (npt = 2-naphthyl); R = mco: 12 (mco = 4-methylcoumarinyl); R = 3,5-C6H3Me2: 13; R = 3,5-C6H3(CF3)2: 14; R = 3,5-C6H3Cl2: 15; R = 3,4-C6H3(OMe)2: 16), were prepd. from the reaction of the neutral p-cymene diruthenium dichloride dimer, [(?6-p-MeC6H4Pri)2Ru2Cl4], with the corresponding thiophenol RSH. All cationic complexes were isolated as their chloride salts and fully characterized by spectroscopic and anal. methods. The mol. structures of 10 and 15 were solved by a single-crystal x-ray structure anal. of [10]Cl and [15]Cl, which show that the two Ru atoms adopt a pseudo-octahedral geometry without a metal-metal bond in accordance with the noble gas rule. All complexes are highly cytotoxic towards human ovarian cancer cells, the IC50 values being mostly in the nanomolar range. Complex 9 shows the highest cytotoxicity with an IC50 value of 0.03 ?M towards the A2780 cell line and the cisplatin-resistant mutant A2780cisR. The cytotoxicity of these complexes, which belong to the most active Ru anticancer compds. reported so far, can be correlated with the lipophilicity of the corresponding thiols. In comparison with the previous series, the positions of the substituents in the thiophenolato bridges are not as important as the nature of the substituents, alkyl substituents being the best ones in line with their lipophilic character. [on SciFinder(R)]
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Synthesis, characterisation and in vitro anticancer activity of hexanuclear thiolato-bridged arene ruthenium metalla-prisms
    (2013)
    Furrer, Mona A.
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    Denoyelle-Di-Muro, Emmanuel
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    Trouillas, Patrick
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    Giannini, Federico
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    Furrer, Julien
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    Clavel, Catherine M.
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    Dyson, Paul J.
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    Hexanuclear hexacationic thiolato-bridged arene ruthenium metalla-prisms of the general formula [[(?6-p-cymene)Ru]6(?-SR)6(?3-tpt)2][OTf]6 (R = CH2Ph, CH2C6H4-p-tBu, CH2CH2Ph; tpt = 2,4,6-tri-4-pyridyl-1,3,5-triazine), obtained from the self-assembly of dinuclear precursors [(p-cymene)2Ru2(?-SR)2Cl2] with tpt and AgCF3SO3, have been isolated and fully characterized as triflate salts. The metalla-prisms are highly cytotoxic against human ovarian cancer cells, esp. towards the cisplatin-resistant cell line A2780cisR (IC50
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Synthesis, molecular structure, computational study and in vitro anticancer activity of dinuclear thiolato-bridged pentamethylcyclopentadienyl Rh(III) and Ir(III) complexes
    (2013)
    Gupta, Gajendra
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    Murray, Benjamin S.
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    Dyson, Paul J.
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    Fabre, Gabin
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    Trouillas, Patrick
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    Giannini, Federico
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    Furrer, Julien
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    Neutral dinuclear dithiolato-bridged pentamethylcyclopentadienyl Rh(III) complexes (C5Me5)2Rh2(?-SR)2Cl2 (R = CH2Ph, 1; R = CH2CH2Ph, 2) and cationic dinuclear trithiolato-bridged pentamethylcyclopentadienyl Rh(III) and Ir(III) complexes [(C5Me5)2M2(?-SR)3]+ (M = Rh, R = CH2Ph, 3; M = Rh, R = CH2CH2Ph, 5; M = Rh, R = CH2C6H4-p-tBu, 7: M = Ir, R = CH2Ph, 4; M = Ir, R = CH2CH2Ph, 6; M = Ir, R = CH2C6H4-p-tBu, 8) were synthesized from the chloro-bridged pentamethylcyclopentadienyl Rh(III) and Ir(III) dimers (C5Me5)2M2(?-Cl)2Cl2 by reaction with the corresponding thiol deriv. (RSH). Complexes 3-8 were isolated as chloride salts. All complexes were obtained in good yield and were fully characterized by spectroscopic methods. The mol. structures of the neutral complexes (1 and 2) show interesting features: the two Rh atoms are bridged by two thiolato ligands with no metal-metal bonds and the pentamethylcyclopentadienyl and chlorido ligands are oriented syn to each other, an uncommon conformation for such dinuclear complexes. These structural features were rationalized using DFT calcns. Addnl., the antiproliferative activity of the complexes was evaluated against the cancerous A2780 (cisplatin sensitive) and A2780cisR (cisplatin resistant) human ovarian cell lines and on the noncancerous HEK293 human embryonic kidney cells. All complexes are active and the cationic Ir complexes 4, 6 and 8 are particularly cytotoxic, with IC50 values in the nanomolar range (IC50 < 0.1 ?M). The catalytic activity of the complexes for the oxidn. of glutathione (GSH) to GSSG was evaluated by NMR spectroscopy. [on SciFinder(R)]
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Synthesis, Characterization and
    (2013)
    Giannini, Frederico
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    Furrer, Julien
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    Clavel, Catherine M.
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    Dyson, Paul J.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Highly cytotoxic trithiophenolatodiruthenium complexes of the type [(?6-p-MeC6H4Pri)2Ru2(SC6H4-p-X)3]+: synthesis, molecular structure, electrochemistry, cytotoxicity, and glutathione oxidation potential
    (2012)
    Giannini, Federico
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    Furrer, Julien
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    Ibao, Anne-Flore
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    Zava, Olivier
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    Baquie, Mathurin
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    Dyson, Paul J.
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    Stepnicka, Petr
    A series of cationic binuclear areneruthenium tris(arenethiolato)-bridged complexes [(?6-p-cymene)2Ru2(?-SC6H4-p-X)3]+ (1-11; X = H, Me, Ph, Br, OH, NO2, OMe, CF3, F, iPr, tBu) were prepd. by complexation of the chloride-bridged dimer [(?6-p-cymene)2Ru2(?-Cl)2Cl2] with the corresponding thiols, isolated as the chloride salts, and further studied for their electrochem. properties, cytotoxicity towards human ovarian cancer cells, and catalytic activity for glutathione (GSH) oxidn. Complex 1 was also compared with the benzene and hexamethylbenzene analogs [(?6-C6H6)2Ru2(?-SC6H5)3]+ (12) and [(?6-C6Me6)2Ru2(?-SC6H5)3]+ (13). The most active compd. [11]Cl was structurally studied by single-crystal x-ray diffraction anal. The concns. corresponding to 50% inhibition of cancer cell growth (IC50 values) in the A2780 and A2780cisR cell lines of these complexes except for 6 were in the submicromolar range, complex 11 showing an IC50 value of 0.03 ?M in both cell lines. The high in vitro anticancer activity of these complexes may be at least partially due to their catalytic potential for the oxidn. of GSH, although there is no clear correlation between the IC50 values and the turnover frequencies at about 50% conversion. However, the cytotoxicity is tentatively correlated to the physicochem. properties of the compds. detd. by the electronic influence of the substituents X (Hammett consts. ?p) and the lipophilicity of the thiols p-XC6H4SH (calcd. log P parameters). [on SciFinder(R)]
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Efficient Oxidation of Cysteine and Glutathione Catalyzed by a Dinuclear Areneruthenium Trithiolato Anticancer Complex
    (2011)
    Giannini, Federico
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    Furrer, Julien
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    The highly cytotoxic diruthenium complex [(p-MeC6H4Pri)2Ru2(SC6H4-p-Me)3]+ (1), water-soluble as the chloride salt, is shown to efficiently catalyze oxidation of the thiols cysteine and glutathione to give the corresponding disulfides, which may explain its high in vitro anticancer activity.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Template-Directed Synthesis of Hexanuclear Arene Ruthenium Complexes with Trigonal-Prismatic Architecture Based on 2,4,6-Tris(3-pyridyl)triazine Ligands
    Cationic arene ruthenium metalla-prisms of the general formula [Ru6(p-cymene)6(3-tpt)2(OOOO)3]6+ (3-tpt = 2,4,6-tris(3-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine; OO∩OO = 5,8-dioxido-1,4-naphthoquinonato [1]6+ or 6,11-dioxido-5,12-naphthacenedionato [2]6+) have been obtained from the corresponding dinuclear arene ruthenium complexes [Ru2(p-cymene)2(OOOO)Cl2] by reaction with 3-tpt, silver trifluoromethanesulfonate in the presence of an aromatic molecule (1,3,5-tribromobenzene, phenanthrene, pyrene, or triphenylene) that acts as a template. While the large template molecule triphenylene is permanently encapsulated in the metalla-prisms to give the complexes [triphenylene⊂1]6+ and [triphenylene⊂2]6+, 1,3,5-tribromobenzene can be removed in toluene, thus leaving the empty cages [1]6+ and [2]6+, which are isolated as their trifluoromethanesulfonate salts. In the case of the metalla-prism connected by the 5,8-dioxido-1,4-naphthoquinonato bridging ligands, the NMR spectrum reveals two isomers, 1a and 1b, the formation of which can be rationalized by means of multiple NMR experiments (one-dimensional, two-dimensional, ROESY, and DOSY). The empty and filled metalla-prisms, [1]6+, [2]6+, [template⊂1]6+, and [template⊂2]6+, have been characterized by NMR, UV−vis, and IR spectroscopy. The slow exchange processes of a guest molecule moving in and out of the cavity of cages [1]6+ and [2]6+ have been studied in solution with phenanthrene and pyrene. One-dimensional exchange spectroscopic (1D EXSY) measurements show that [phenanthrene⊂1]6+ is in a faster exchange regime than [phenanthrene⊂2]6+ and that phenanthrene is more easily exchanged than pyrene in cages [1]6+ and [2]6+, all observations being consistent with the portal size of the cages.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Designing the host-guest properties of tetranuclear arene ruthenium metalla-rectangles to accommodate a pyrene molecule
    (2010)
    Barry, Nicolas P. E.
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    Furrer, Julien
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    ; ;
    Cationic tetranuclear rectangular macrocyclic arene ruthenium complexes [Ru4(p-cymene)4(?-N-N)2(?-dhnq)2](CF3SO3)4 [1-3, dhnq = 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinonato(2-); N-N = pyrazine, 4,4'-bipyridine, 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene], featuring Ru-dhnq-Ru-N-N-Ru-dhnq-Ru rectangle structures with adjustable Ru-Ru distances (7.0 Å, 11.2 Å, 13.6 Å, resp.), are obtained in methanol from the reaction of the dinuclear arene ruthenium precursor [Ru2(p-cymene)2(dhnq)2Cl2] with pyrazine or bipyridine linkers in the presence of AgCF3SO3. All complexes 1-3, isolated in good yield as triflate salts, have been characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy. The interaction of these rectangular complexes with pyrene as a guest mol. has been studied in soln. by various NMR techniques (1D, DOSY, ROESY). In CD3CN, the pyrazine-contg. metalla-rectangle 1 shows no meaningful interactions with pyrene. On the other hand, the 4,4'-bipyridine- and 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene-contg. metalla-rectangles 2 and 3 clearly interact with pyrene. DOSY measurements suggest that, in the case of the 4,4'-bipyridine complex 2, the interactions occur on the outside of the rectangular assembly, while in the case of dipyridylethylene complex 3 the pyrene mol. is found inside the hydrophobic cavity of the metalla-rectangle, thus giving rise to a host-guest system. [on SciFinder(R)]
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Designing the Host-Guest Properties of Tetranuclear Arene Ruthenium Metalla-Rectangles to Accommodate a Pyrene Molecule
    (2010)
    Barry, Nicolas P. E.
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    Furrer, Julien
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    ; ;
    Cationic tetranuclear arene ruthenium complexes of the general formula [Ru4(p-cymene)4(NN)2(dhnq)2]4+ comprising rectangular structures are obtained in methanol from the reaction of the dinuclear arene ruthenium precursor [Ru2(p-cymene)2(dhnq)2Cl2] (dhnq = 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinonato) with pyrazine or bipyridine linkers [NN = pyrazine, 1; 4,4-bipyridine, 2; 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene, 3] in the presence of AgCF3SO3. All complexes 1-3, isolated in good yield as triflate salts, have been characterised by NMR and IR spectroscopy. The interaction of these rectangular complexes with pyrene as a guest molecule has been studied in solution by various NMR techniques (1D, DOSY, ROESY). In [D3]acetonitrile, the pyrazine-containing metalla-rectangle 1 shows no meaningful interactions with pyrene. On the other hand, the 4,4-bipyridine- and 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene-containing metalla-rectangles 2 and 3 clearly interact with pyrene in [D3]acetonitrile. DOSY measurements suggest that, in the case of [Ru4p-cymene)4(4,4-bipyridine)2(dhnq)2]4+ (2), the interactions occur on the outside of the rectangular assembly, while in the case of [Ru4(p-cymene)4{1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene}2 (dhnq)2]4+ (3), the pyrene molecule is found inside the hydrophobic cavity of the metalla-rectangle, thus giving rise to a host-guest system.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Encapsulation of Aromatic Molecules in Hexanuclear Arene Ruthenium Cages: A Strategy to Build Up Organometallic Carceplex Prisms with a Dangling Arm Standing Out
    (2008)
    Mattsson, Johan
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    Govindaswamy, Padavattan
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    Furrer, Julien
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    Sei, Yoshihisa
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    Yamaguchi, Kentaro
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    Self-assembly of 2,4,6-tris(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazine (tpt) subunits with p-cymene (p-PriC6H4Me) or hexamethylbenzene (C6Me6) Ru building blocks and 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinonato (dhbq) or 2,5-dihchloro-3,6-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinonato (dchq) bridges affords the triangular prismatic organometallic cations [Ru6(p-PriC6H4Me)6(tpt)2(dhbq)3]6+ ([1]6+), [Ru6(p-PriC6H4Me)6(tpt)2(dchq)3]6+ ([2]6+), [Ru6(C6Me6)6(tpt)2(dhbq)3]6+ ([3]6+), and [Ru6(C6Me6)6(tpt)2(dchq)3]6+ ([4]6+). These hexanuclear cationic cages are isolated in good yield as their triflate salts. The assembly of 1-4 can also be achieved in the presence of large arom. mols. such as pyrene, fluoranthene, benzo[e]pyrene, triphenylene, or coronene to give the corresponding inclusion systems [arom.?1]6+, [arom.?2]6+, [arom.?3]6+, and [arom.?4]6+. The closed proximity of the encapsulated mol. with the different components of the cage and the carceplex nature of these systems are confirmed by 1-dimensional ROESY 1H NMR expts., mass spectrometry, and the single-crystal structure anal. of [pyrene?1][O3SCF3]6 and [benzo[e]pyrene?1][O3SCF3]6. Pyrene can be encapsulated even if it contains a functionalized aliph. substituent; in this case the arom. moiety is included in the cage, while the functionalized side arm stands out. Thus, Me 4-(pyren-1-yl)butanoate (pyrene-R) is encapsulated in 1 to give the carceplex [pyrene-R?1]6+, in which the Me butyrate arm dangles outside the cage while the pyrene moiety is firmly trapped by the metallo-prismatic cation, as demonstrated by 1H NMR expts. and ESI-MS. [on SciFinder(R)]