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Bshary, Redouan

Nom
Bshary, Redouan
Affiliation principale
Fonction
Professeur ordinaire
Email
redouan.bshary@unine.ch
Identifiants
https://libra.unine.ch/handle/123456789/343
_
0000-0001-7198-8472

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  • Publication
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  • Publication
    Accès libre
    The shadow of the future affects cooperation in a cleaner fish
    (2010)
    Oates, Jennifer
    ;
    Manica, Andrea
    ;
    Bshary, Redouan 
    Humans show great flexibility in adjusting their levels of cooperation to account for current and future circumstances. For example, levels of cooperation are higher if there is more competition at the level of the whole population than with interacting partners [1] and when individuals are likely to gain social prestige [2]. Humans also show the capacity to increase current levels of cooperation to account for future payoffs if it is likely that repeated interactions will occur with the same partner (known as ‘the Shadow of the Future’) [3]. Here, we provide the first evidence for this capacity in a non-human animal, the cleaner fish Labroides bicolor. L. bicolor individuals show uneven frequency of use of different areas within a large home range, which should in turn affect the delay between repeated interactions with individual reef fish ‘clients’. In areas where the frequency of clients encountering cleaners is higher, cleaners are more likely to experience future costs of cheating, so future payoffs are of more concern for current decisions. In line with this, we found a negative correlation between cheating and the frequency of clients encountering cleaners in L. bicolor home ranges.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Roving and Service Quality in the Cleaner Wrasse Labroides bicolor
    (2010)
    Oates, Jennifer
    ;
    Manica, Andrea
    ;
    Bshary, Redouan 
    The cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus occupies fixed ‘cleaning stations’ on coral reefs, which ‘client’ reef fish visit repeatedly to have parasites removed. Conflict arises because cleaners prefer to cheat by feeding on client mucus instead of parasites. Clients can prevent L. dimidiatus from always cheating using control mechanisms such as chasing and partner switching, which depend on repeated interactions. These control mechanisms would be undermined in the absence of frequent repeated interactions, if cleaners roved over large areas. Roving behaviour has been anecdotally described for the closely related cleaner wrasse Labroides bicolor. Here we report field data comparing these two species in Moorea, French Polynesia. Our results confirmed that L. bicolor home ranges are much larger than L. dimidiatus home ranges, and showed that cleaning interactions occurred all over the L. bicolor home range: home range of cleaning interactions increased with total home range size. Moreover, we found that cleaner initiation of interactions increased with home range size in L. bicolor, which would give L. bicolor with large home ranges additional leverage to increase cheating. In line with these results, we found that client jolt rate (used as a measure of cheating) was higher among clients of cleaners with large home ranges. Our results emphasise the importance of game structure and control over initiating interactions as parameters in determining the nature of interactions in mutualisms.