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Chaire de droit international public
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CH
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Academic Institute
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- PublicationAccès librePandémies et droit international : réflexions kaléidoscopiques d'un confiné dans (virtuelle) tour d'ivoireLe lock-down décidé par les autorités fédérales dans le dessein de faire face à la pandémie du SARS-CoV2 m’a amené, entre autres choses, à méditer sur l’impact d’un virus de quelque microns (la question si de tels microbes ont une vie « propre » rend la question encore plus existentielle) sur les relations juridiques internationales. Aucun aspect de celles-ci n’a été épargné : du droit de la santé, bien évidemment, au droit des relations commerciales, financières et monétaires, en passant du droit des conflits armés, des réfugiés, des droits de l’homme et j’en passe. Cette pandémie, qui était tout sauf qu’imprévisible, a chambardé la planète tout entière. En 2003, les pays du monde les plus durement affectés par le SARS-CoV (première version), notamment en Asie, se déclarèrent libérés, « but the virus hadn’t been eradicated (...) SARS-CoV wasn’t gone, it was only hiding. It could return » . Et dire que la cinématographie avait été bon prophète : Outbreak (1995), Contagion (2011), World War Z (2013), pour ne pas parler de l’anecdotique « Cassandra Crossing » (1976) qui débute dans des fantomatiques laboratoires de l’OMS à Genève . Le susmentionné David Quammen n’avait pas hésité à affirmer, in tempore non suspecto, que : « If you’re a thriving population, living at high density but exposed to new bugs, it’s just a matter of time until the NBO (Next Big One) arrives » , et la pandemie, chronique d’un événement annoncé arriva, sans que l’on ne croie, aujourd’hui, qu’elle sera la dernière dans notre génération. a) Droit International de coopération: multilatéralisme institutionnel comme vaccin contre le souverainisme; b) L'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé : gardienne de la santé publique internationale; c) Responsabilité internationale des Etats d) Genève - New York: pandémie(s) et maintien de la paix et de la sécurité internationales
- PublicationAccès libreInternational Criminal Responsibility of the Individual: A Quantum Leap for Man's Humanity(2021-3-24)Properly speaking, international criminal responsibility is not a new chapter of public international law, but rather the recent revival of an old chapter of the Law of Nations. In the recent past, we have seen the emergence of ad hoc international criminal tribunals, that is with a limited competence, as established in their statutes.(1) Instead, today’s International Criminal Court enjoys, within its statutory (treaty) limits, a general jurisdiction; it is thus a permanent organ of a general character, mirroring the ICJ in matters of international criminal law. It will also be in charge of the international criminal responsibility of the individuals. In contrast with the two previous approaches, based on ‘right’, we will deal here with ‘obligations’ that are bestowed upon the individual, that is, international obligations not to commit some acts characterized as crimina iuris gentium. PIL deals with the individual by prohibiting the perpetration of such crimes. The individual is therefore construed as the passive subject within international legal relations; he must account – before municipal and international courts alike – for his misdeeds (violation of international obligations) committed against States as well as other individuals.(2) Thus, if, from the angle of international human rights protection, responsibility involved an active personality, in this case the personality is deemed to be passive. Aside from international “crimes” of the States whose existence remains to be carefully considered,(3) international law contemplates the existence of certain categories of crimes committed by individuals acting either individually, or as State organs. Still, only a few of these violations are susceptible to be prosecuted and punished on the international plane while others are only prosecuted and punished by national jurisdictions. The revolutionary developments which have punctuated this province of PIL from the second half of the Twentieth century onwards, severely stepping into one of the core elements of the State reserved domain (of criminal repression), show that the individual must also be considered as an international subject in this domain, as long as he is directly prosecuted and tried by an international judiciary mechanism.
- PublicationAccès libre
- PublicationAccès libreInternational Arbitration: Selected Preliminary TopicsA. International arbitration as opposed to other means of dispute settlement B. The Concept of International Arbitration: definition, composition and international public / private arbitration C. The requirement of consent D. Applicable Law E. The pathology of arbitral awards
- PublicationAccès libre