Sobre ReXistências
As discussões sobre resistências têm sido frequentes em campos diferentes do conhecimento e a partir de variadas perspectivas. Este artigo pretende contribuir com este debate, problematizando algumas práticas sociais de jovens em contextos urbanos, mais especificamente as que se caracterizam por sua dimensão inventiva. Para promover o debate são apresentados três fragmentos de dissertações que tiveram como foco processos de criação engendrados por jovens em contextos e condições diversas. As condições contemporâneas nos provocam a olhar para estas práticas estético-artísticas efêmeras, momentâneas, anônimas, considerando-as como intervenções que proclamam novos modos de viver e agir nos espaços urbanos. Através dessas intervenções, ainda que não caracterizadas como resistências opositivas, os jovens resistem às formas de sujeição e submissão que lhes são atribuídas, ao esquecimento e à condição de margem a que são relegados. Eles lutam, criam, resistem e insistem. Enfim, eles re-existem, daí a assunção dessas práticas como reXistências.
Childcare and Maternal Part-Time Employment: A Natural Experiment Using Swiss Cantons
Fuelled by federal stimuli of 440 million Swiss francs, the staggered expansion of childcare in many cantons allows the evaluation of this family policy on female labour supply. With new cantonal data, this study analyses both the decision to participate in the labour market and the intensity of participation. Empirical results of difference-indifferences regressions show that mothers who live in cantons that have expanded their childcare services more than the national average work at higher percentage rates. The reform stimulated part-time employment of between 20 and 36 hours per week by 2 percentage points. The expansion of childcare particularly affected women with two children and upper-secondary education, who are married or cohabit with their partner.
Book Review: Julia L. Cassaniti & Usha Menon (Eds). Universalism Without Uniformity
Sociological Perspectives on Poverty
Poverty, the social question of the 19th century, is still one of the most pressing global issues both in the economically advanced, affluent societies of the global North and in the developing countries of the global South. Since the emergence of social problems and deviance as sociological concepts and fields of study in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, poverty has been a focus of concern. Other social phenomena labeled as social problems or forms of deviance (like violence, crime, alcoholism and drug addiction, divorce, family breakdown, suicide) are often considered to be directly linked to, and caused by, poverty. As with other phenomena treated as social problems, research on poverty has typically been applied and policy-oriented, i.e., pragmatic and solution-driven, often related to reform efforts and social policy measures. The diverse sociological perspectives on poverty, therefore, have emerged in specific national, regional and global policy contexts. Furthermore, poverty research often has a strong empirical focus, which is demonstrated by the fact that some of the first comprehensive sociological surveys dealt with poverty issues. Theoretically, diverse approaches have been developed to address poverty, and there is no consensus on the exact definition and conceptualization of poverty. Poverty research, finally, is a field of interdisciplinary research. Sociological perspectives on poverty, therefore, have emerged from a discourse among scholars of sociology, social work, economics and political science. Based on these considerations, the chapter is organized as follows: The first section presents the pioneers of classical sociological poverty research. The second section deals with the different poverty concepts and measurement debates that emerged during the early postwar period of the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. The third section focuses on the issue of poverty policy. The fourth section looks at contemporary sociological perspectives on poverty in the era of globalization. Finally, the last section summarizes the main trends in sociological poverty analysis over the past decades and points to the challenges for future research.
Performing the Buraku. Narratives on Cultures and Everyday Life in Contemporary Japan
Inégalités de patrimoine et bien-être subjectif chez les seniors en Europe
Images of Edo. Reinterpreting “Japanese History” and the “Buraku” Through Minority Narratives
The impact of assortative mating on income inequality in Switzerland
Homogamy is one of the possible drivers of income inequality in society. This study analyses the influence of homogamy in partners’ earnings on income inequality in Switzerland using data of the Swiss Household Panel from 1999 to 2015. The first part monitors homogamy in educational levels, parental education, hourly wages and realised yearly earnings using correlation coefficients. The second part estimates the impact of assortative mating on income inequality using counterfactual simulations. By focusing not only on realised earnings but also on hourly wages, we can distinguish between the effect of homogamy from the effects of labour supply adjustments. In addition, we take into account the selection into partnership. Results show a very weak correlation between partners’ realised earnings. The observed Gini coefficient of realised earnings is not different from the Gini in a scenario where partners match independently of their earnings. Two processes explain these results. First, there is relatively little homogamy in hourly wages. Second, adjustments of labour supply to partner’s characteristics have an equalising effect that can offset the impact of homogamy.
Do opposites attract? Educational assortative mating and dynamics of wage homogamy in Switzerland 1992-2014
This paper addresses homogamy and assortative mating in Switzerland. The empirical analysis monitors trends for education and hourly wages using the Swiss Labour Force Survey and the Swiss Household Panel. The analysis disentangles the effects of educational expansion from mating patterns and incorporates not only couples, but also singles. Results show an increasing level of assortative mating both for education and for wages. For wage homogamy, selection is more important than adaptation.