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Frictions and adjustment mechanisms in the Swiss economy : three empirical essays using firm-level data
Maison d'édition
Neuchâtel
Date de parution
2022
Mots-clés
- Comportement des entreprises
- frictions
- mécanismes d’ajustement
- micro données
- hétérogénéité
- détermination des prix
- taux de change
- frictions financières
- emploi
- rétention de la main-d’œuvre
- coût du financement externe
- capital propre KEYWORDS: Firm behaviour
- frictions
- adjustment mechanism
- firm-level data
- heterogeneity
- markup
- price setting
- exchange rate
- financial tightness
- employment
- labour hoarding
- external finance premium
- net worth
Comportement des entr...
frictions
mécanismes d’ajusteme...
micro données
hétérogénéité
détermination des pri...
taux de change
frictions financières...
emploi
rétention de la main-...
coût du financement e...
capital propre KEYWO...
frictions
adjustment mechanism
firm-level data
heterogeneity
markup
price setting
exchange rate
financial tightness
employment
labour hoarding
external finance prem...
net worth
Résumé
Cette thèse explore l’effet des frictions sur les mécanismes d’ajustement macroéconomiques, au niveau des entreprises. Elle est composée de trois études empiriques qui s’appuient sur une base de données très détaillée sur les entreprises en Suisse. Ces données permettent de tenir compte de la grande hétérogénéité existante entre les entreprises qui font que les entreprises peuvent être exposées d’ampleur très différent aux frictions.<br>La première étude analyse la réponse des marges bénéficiaires à la suite d’un choc sur le taux de change. L’ajustement des marges diverge fortement entre les entreprises. Les grandes entreprises ajustent leur marge de manière substantielle, en particulier si elles sont très profitables ou exportent la majeure partie de leur production. En revanche, les entreprises avec une profitabilité, une productivité, des marges ou une part d’export basse n’ajustent pas leur marge de manière significative. La deuxième étude, co-écrite avec Gregor Bäurle et Sarah M. Lein, estime l’ajustement de l’emploi au niveau des entreprises après un changement de leur production. Les résultats montrent que si une entreprise est contrainte financièrement, elle réagit nettement plus fortement à des changements de production qu’une entreprise avec des finances solides. Ceci implique que ce sont les entreprises financièrement contraintes qui sont en premier lieu responsables des fluctuations de l’emploi durant les cycles économiques. La troisième étude, également co-écrite avec Gregor Bäurle et Sarah M. Lein, estime la réaction du coût du financement externe à des variations du capital propre. Les résultats montrent que le coût du financement externe augmente lorsque le capital propre d’une entreprise diminue. Ceci est consistent avec les modèles macroéconomiques qui intègrent les frictions financières à travers un accélérateur financier. A partir de ces estimations, un intervalle pour le coût du monitoring est dérivé. Ceci est le coût que les intermédiaires financiers doivent payer pour pouvoir observer le revenu du capital d’une entreprise. L’intervalle estimée indique que les frictions financières sont significatives. Les résultats de ces trois études mettent en évidence à l’aide de
micro-données que les frictions peuvent entraver substantiellement la transmission des chocs et que l’ajustement à ces chocs diverge largement entre les entreprises.
ABSTRACT:
This thesis analyses the impact of firm-level frictions on adjustment mechanisms. It consists of three empirical studies that are based on a large and detailed data set of Swiss firms. These data enable the studies to account for the fact that firms are highly heterogeneous and that some firms are more exposed to frictions than others.<br>The first essay analyses the response of firms’ markups following an exchange rate shock. The adjustment of markups towards a new optimum proves to differs strongly across firms. Large firms vary their markup substantially, especially if they are also highly profitable or export intensive. In contrast, firms with low profitability, low productivity, low markups as well as small and domestic-oriented firms do not adjust their markups significantly following a change in the exchange rate. The second essay, co-authored with Gregor Bäurle and Sarah M. Lein, estimates firms’ employment adjustment to changes in output. The results show that for firms in financially strained situations, the sensitivity of employment to fluctuations in output increases considerably. When output changes, financially tighter firms resize their labour force more than firms that have abundant funding. This implies that such firms drive the fluctuations of employment over the cycle. The third essay, also co-authored with Gregor Bäurle and Sarah M. Lein, estimates the sensitivity of the cost of external finance to firms’ net worth. The results show that firms’ cost of external finance and firms’ net worth are inversely related. This is consistent with models that integrate financial frictions by means of a financial accelerator. Based on the estimated sensitivity, a range for the monitoring cost is derived. The monitoring cost is the cost, which financial intermediaries have to pay to be able to observe firms’ realized return on capital. The estimated range is consistent with an economically significant financial friction. The results of these three essays provide micro-data evidence that frictions can substantially hamper the transmission of shocks and that the response differs strongly across firms.
micro-données que les frictions peuvent entraver substantiellement la transmission des chocs et que l’ajustement à ces chocs diverge largement entre les entreprises.
ABSTRACT:
This thesis analyses the impact of firm-level frictions on adjustment mechanisms. It consists of three empirical studies that are based on a large and detailed data set of Swiss firms. These data enable the studies to account for the fact that firms are highly heterogeneous and that some firms are more exposed to frictions than others.<br>The first essay analyses the response of firms’ markups following an exchange rate shock. The adjustment of markups towards a new optimum proves to differs strongly across firms. Large firms vary their markup substantially, especially if they are also highly profitable or export intensive. In contrast, firms with low profitability, low productivity, low markups as well as small and domestic-oriented firms do not adjust their markups significantly following a change in the exchange rate. The second essay, co-authored with Gregor Bäurle and Sarah M. Lein, estimates firms’ employment adjustment to changes in output. The results show that for firms in financially strained situations, the sensitivity of employment to fluctuations in output increases considerably. When output changes, financially tighter firms resize their labour force more than firms that have abundant funding. This implies that such firms drive the fluctuations of employment over the cycle. The third essay, also co-authored with Gregor Bäurle and Sarah M. Lein, estimates the sensitivity of the cost of external finance to firms’ net worth. The results show that firms’ cost of external finance and firms’ net worth are inversely related. This is consistent with models that integrate financial frictions by means of a financial accelerator. Based on the estimated sensitivity, a range for the monitoring cost is derived. The monitoring cost is the cost, which financial intermediaries have to pay to be able to observe firms’ realized return on capital. The estimated range is consistent with an economically significant financial friction. The results of these three essays provide micro-data evidence that frictions can substantially hamper the transmission of shocks and that the response differs strongly across firms.
Notes
Doctorat, Université de Neuchâtel, Institut de recherches économiques
Identifiants
Type de publication
doctoral thesis
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