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L’enquête journalistique en Suisse romande : entre mythe et réalité : analyse synchronique de productions d’enquête contemporaines, à la croisée d’un genre, d’un processus et d’un discours
Maison d'édition
Neuchâtel
Date de parution
2022
Mots-clés
Résumé
À l’heure où les <i>Panama Papers</i> construisent un nouvel idéal professionnel après celui du <i>Watergate</i>, la présente thèse propose d’aborder l’enquête journalistique contemporaine dans une perspective réaliste et démythifiée, en analysant des productions concrètes publiées ou diffusées en Suisse romande. Elle propose d’abord de questionner le <i> genre</i> de l’enquête journalistique, en explorant sa complexe articulation avec le processus du journalisme d’investigation, qui lui confère une place singulière au sein des genres journalistiques. Cette première étape nous a permis de constituer un corpus de 186 enquêtes publiées dans six journaux romands en 2018, identifiées sur la base de critères internes établis pour les besoins de la présente recherche. Dans un deuxième temps, ce corpus sert de point de départ pour analyser l’origine des enquêtes et mettre en évidence le caractère essentiellement « réactif » de la <i>pratique</i> du journalisme d’investigation en Suisse romande, qui conduit souvent plusieurs journalistes à enquêter sur de mêmes sujets. Ce phénomène de convergence autour d’une même piste s’avère particulièrement flagrant lorsque surviennent des « affaires ». En prenant comme étude de cas <i>l’Affaire Maudet</i>, notre recherche montre comment de tels événements sont l’occasion pour les journalistes de réaffirmer et revendiquer le rôle de quatrième pouvoir, à travers des <i>discours</i> dans lesquels se construit l’image d’une communauté professionnelle unie autour de mêmes idéaux. Dans le dernier chapitre, une analyse de discours révèle comment les contenus journalistiques eux-mêmes construisent l’identité investigatrice de leur auteur.
ABSTRACT:
At a time when the <i>Panama Papers</i> are building a new professional ideal after the one of <i>the Watergate</i>, this thesis proposes to approach contemporary investigative stories from a realistic and demythified perspective, by analysing a corpus of concrete productions released in French-speaking Switzerland. It first proposes to question the genre of journalistic investigation, by exploring its complex articulation with the process of investigative journalism, which confers it a singular place within journalistic genres. This first step allowed us to build a corpus of 186 investigations published in six French-speaking newspapers in 2018, identified based on internal criteria, which were established for the needs of the present research. In a second step, this corpus serves as a starting point to analyse the origin of the investigations and to highlight the essentially "reactive" property of the practice of investigative journalism in French-speaking Switzerland, which often leads several journalists to investigate the same topics. This convergence of several journalists around a same lead is particularly obvious when "affaires" arise. Taking the Maudet Affair as a case study, our research shows how such events are an opportunity for journalists to reaffirm and claim for their fourth estate function, through discourses that construct an image of a professional community united around a same ideal. In the final chapter, a discourse analysis reveals how journalistic content itself constructs the investigative identity of its author.
ABSTRACT:
At a time when the <i>Panama Papers</i> are building a new professional ideal after the one of <i>the Watergate</i>, this thesis proposes to approach contemporary investigative stories from a realistic and demythified perspective, by analysing a corpus of concrete productions released in French-speaking Switzerland. It first proposes to question the genre of journalistic investigation, by exploring its complex articulation with the process of investigative journalism, which confers it a singular place within journalistic genres. This first step allowed us to build a corpus of 186 investigations published in six French-speaking newspapers in 2018, identified based on internal criteria, which were established for the needs of the present research. In a second step, this corpus serves as a starting point to analyse the origin of the investigations and to highlight the essentially "reactive" property of the practice of investigative journalism in French-speaking Switzerland, which often leads several journalists to investigate the same topics. This convergence of several journalists around a same lead is particularly obvious when "affaires" arise. Taking the Maudet Affair as a case study, our research shows how such events are an opportunity for journalists to reaffirm and claim for their fourth estate function, through discourses that construct an image of a professional community united around a same ideal. In the final chapter, a discourse analysis reveals how journalistic content itself constructs the investigative identity of its author.
Notes
Doctorat, Université de Neuchâtel, Académie du journalisme et des médias
Identifiants
Type de publication
doctoral thesis
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