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Guerin, Patrick
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Guerin, Patrick
Affiliation principale
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Email
patrick.guerin@unine.ch
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- PublicationAccĆØs libreThe sugar meal of the African malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae and how deterrent compounds interfere with it: a behavioural and neurophysiological study(2013)
; ; In this study, we show that female African malaria mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae starved for 3ā5 h start to engorge on sucrose at concentrations between 50 and 75 mmol lā1. Half of the feeding response (ED50) is reached at 111 mmol lā1 and the maximum response (0.4 mg) occurs at 250 mmol lā1. Two receptor cells in a trichoid sensillum of the labellum, called the āsucroseā and āwaterā neurones, are activated by sucrose and water, respectively. The electrophysiological response of the sucrose receptor cell starts well below the level of sugar necessary to induce engorgement. The sugar receptor cell is most sensitive to small increments in sucrose concentration up to 10 mmol lā1 with a response plateau from 25 mmol lā1. Fructose has a mild phagostimulatory effect on A. gambiae, whereas no significant differences in meal sizes between water and glucose were found. However, when 146 mmol lā1 fructose plus glucose are mixed, the same engorgement as on 146 mmol lā1 sucrose is observed. Likewise, even though the sucrose receptor cell is not activated by either fructose or glucose alone, equimolar solutions of fructose plus glucose activate the neurone. We conclude that there is a behavioural and neurophysiological synergism between fructose and glucose, the two hexose sugars of sucrose. We show that some bitter-tasting products for humans have a deterrent effect on feeding in A. gambiae. When 1 mmol lā1 quinidine, quinine or denatonium benzoate is added to 146 mmol lā1 sucrose, feeding is almost totally inhibited. The effect of berberine is lower and no significant inhibition on engorgement occurs for caffeine. The deterrent effect depends on the concentration for both quinine and quinidine. Capillary feeding experiments show that contact chemosensilla on the mouthparts are sufficient for the detection of sucrose and bitter products. The feeding assay findings with deterrents correlate with the neurophysiological responses of the sucrose and water labellar neurones, which are both inhibited by the bitter compounds denatonium benzoate, quinine and berberine between 0.01 and 1 mmol lā1, but not by the same concentrations of caffeine. In conclusion, sucrose stimulates feeding and activates the labellar sucrose neurone, whereas feeding deterrents inhibit both the sucrose and water neurones. This study provides an initial understanding of the physiological mechanisms involved in sugar feeding in A. gambiae and shows how some bitter products interfere with it. - PublicationAccĆØs libreResponses of Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti, and Culex pipiens mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to cool and humid refugium conditions(2008)
; Like all terrestrial arthropods, mosquitoes must cope with the threat of desiccation. To gain insight into their survival strategies, we recorded the behavioral responses of Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti, and Culex pipiens offered zones of different microclimatic conditions in laboratory cages. The cooled refugium was at 25.6Ā° C, 86% RH and the control was at 28.5Ā° C, 75% RH, i.e., a difference in saturation deficit of 3.9 mm Hg between the two zones. We show that newly-emerged adults, with no access to water or sugar, prefer the cooler and more humid refugium with a saturation deficit half that in the control and where the mosquitoes could reduce their metabolic rate. This response is delayed in Ae. aegypti, perhaps because the energy reserves accumulated as larvae are higher in this species. This study shows that mosquitoes under stress can use their thermohygroreceptor cells to guide them to locations that facilitate survival. - PublicationAccĆØs libreNutrient content of diet affects the signaling activity of the insulin/target of rapamycin/p70 S6 kinase pathway in the African malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae(2008)
- PublicationAccĆØs libreInfluence of soil quality in the larval habitat on development of Anopheles gambiae Giles(2006)