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Sensory and behavioural responses of the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans to rumen volatiles

2007, Jeanbourquin, Philippe, Guerin, Patrick

Analysis of volatiles from rumen digesta by gas chromatography linked antennogram recordings from Stomoxys calcitrans (L) (Diptera: Muscidae) antennal receptor cells revealed about 30 electrophysiologically active constituents, the most important of which is dimethyl trisulphide with a sensory threshold in the femtogram range. The behavioural responses of S. calcitrans to five chemostimulants (dimethyl trisulphide, butanoic acid, p-cresol, oct-1-en-3-ol and skatole) were tested in a wind tunnel where activation and attraction of hungry flies to rumen volatiles were recorded. Dimethyl trisulphide, butanoic acid and p-cresol were found to attract S. calcitrans. This sensitivity to rumen volatile constituents, that also occur in animal wastes used for oviposition by Stomoxys spp., as well as in flowers used by stable flies as sources of nectar is discussed in the context of the behavioural ecology of these flies.

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(1S,3S,7R)-3-methyl-Ī±-himachalene from the male sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) induces neurophysiological responses and attracts both males and females

2005, Spiegel, C.N., Jeanbourquin, Philippe, Guerin, Patrick, Hooper, A.M., Claude, S., Tabacchi, Raffaele, Sano, S., Mori, K.

Lutzomyia longipalpis adult males form leks on or near hosts and release (1S,3S,7R)-3-methyl-Ī±-himachalene from their tergal glands to lure females to the same site for mating and feeding. Here we have examined whether the male-produced attractant could also serve as a male aggregation stimulus. High resolution chiral capillary gas chromatography analysis of male tergal gland extracts, synthetic (1S,3S,7R)-3-methyl-Ī±-himachalene, and a synthetic mixture of all isomers of 3-methyl-Ī±-himachalene, was coupled to electrophysiological recordings from ascoid sensillum receptor cells in antennae of male and female sandflies. Receptor cells of both sexes responded only to the main component of the male tergal gland extract that eluted at the same retention time as (1S,3S,7R)-3-methyl-Ī±-himachalene. Furthermore, of the eight 3-methyl-Ī±-himachalene isomers in the synthetic mixture only the fraction containing (1S,3S,7R)-3-methyl-Ī±-himachalene, co-eluting with an isomer of (1S*,3S*,7S*)-3-methyl-Ī±-himachalene, elicited an electrophysiological response from male and female ascoid sensillum receptor cells. Both males and females flew upwind in a wind tunnel towards a filter paper disk treated with either 4ā€“6 male equivalents of the tergal gland extract, pure (1S,3S,7R)-3-methyl-Ī±-himachalene or the synthetic mixture of eight isomers. This indicates that (1S,3S,7R)-3-methyl-Ī±-himachalene derived from L. longipalpis males may have a dual function in causing male aggregation as well as serving as a sex pheromone for females.

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Chemostimuli implicated in selection of oviposition substrates by the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans

2007, Jeanbourquin, Philippe, Guerin, Patrick

Horse and cow dung were tested as substrates for oviposition by the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans (L) (Diptera: Muscidae) in laboratory cages. Odour alone from either horse or cow dung was sufficient to attract flies for oviposition. This was confirmed in wind tunnel experiments, where both horse and cow dung were shown to attract gravid stable flies. However, when S. calcitrans was offered a choice between these two oviposition substrates, flies always chose horse dung over cow dung, both when allowed to contact the substrates and when relying on dung odour alone. Analyses of volatile compounds emanating from horse and cow dung by gas chromatography linked antennogram recordings from S. calcitrans antennae revealed no differences in the chemostimuli released from the two substrates. The predominant chemostimulant compounds in both substrates were carboxylic acids (butanoic acid), alcohols (oct-1-en-3-ol), aldehydes (decanal), ketones (octan-3-one), phenols (p-cresol), indoles (skatole), terpenes (Ī²-caryophyllene) and sulphides (dimethyl trisulphide). Higher levels (20ā€“40 p.p.m.) of carbon dioxide were recorded over horse dung compared with cow dung, a factor that may contribute to the preference exhibited by S. calcitrans for this substrate for oviposition.

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The role of odour perception in the sensory ecology of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans L.

2005, Jeanbourquin, Philippe, Guerin, Patrick

Commune dans le monde entier, la mouche d'Ć©table, Stomoxys calcitrans L., est un insecte nuisible du bĆ©tail. Males et femelles se nourrissent de sang et bien que la mouche d'Ć©table s'attaque Ć  un large Ć©ventail d'animaux, les grands herbivores comme les bovins et les Ć©quidĆ©s demeurent ses hĆ“tes prĆ©fĆ©rĆ©s. Pour la ponte, les femelles de la mouche d'Ć©table utilisent toutes sortes de matĆ©riaux organiques en dĆ©composition comme du foin fermentĆ©, du compost et mĆŖme des amas d'algues. Les dĆ©jections animales, et particuliĆØrement lorsqu'elles sont mĆ©langĆ©es Ć  de la matiĆØre vĆ©gĆ©tale en dĆ©composition, sont Ć©galement couramment exploitĆ©es par Stomoxys pour la ponte. Dans cette Ć©tude, l'haleine humaine et le CO2 se sont avĆ©rĆ©s ĆŖtre attractifs pour Stomoxys, qui est Ć©galement activĆ©e par les composĆ©s volatils dĆ©gagĆ©s par la panse de vache et trĆØs probablement exhalĆ©s dans son haleine. La dĆ©sorption thermique des constituants volatils de la panse en chromatographie gazeuse, couplĆ©e Ć  des enregistrements Ć©lectro-antennographiques, a permis la dĆ©tection d'une trentaine de composĆ©s perƧus par S. calcitrans, dont certains ont Ć©galement Ć©tĆ© trouvĆ©s dans l'odeur dĆ©gagĆ©e par les poils de vache. Un seuil de dĆ©tection trĆØs bas pour le dimethyl trisulfide, comparable Ć  celui obtenu pour l'octĆ©nol, a Ć©tĆ© enregistrĆ© chez la mouche d'Ć©table. De plus, le dimethyl trisulfide s'est avĆ©rĆ© ĆŖtre attractif pour Stomoxys lors d'expĆ©riences en chambre de vol, de mĆŖme que l'acide butanoĆÆque et le p-crĆ©sol. Nous avons Ć©galement dĆ©montrĆ© que S. calcitrans est capable de localiser un substrat potentiel de ponte, du crottin ou de la bouse dans notre cas, en se basant uniquement sur des indices olfactifs. L'analyse des composĆ©s volatils Ć©mis par le crottin et la bouse dĆ©montre que les composĆ©s perƧus par S. calcitrans sont communĆ©ment prĆ©sents dans les deux substrats. Cependant, qu'elle ait un contact avec le substrat ou uniquement son odeur pour le localiser, la mouche d'Ć©table dĆ©montre toujours une nette prĆ©fĆ©rence de ponte pour le crottin de cheval par rapport Ć  la bouse de vache. Le CO2 pourrait ĆŖtre en partie responsable de cette prĆ©fĆ©rence pour le crottin de cheval, ce dernier dĆ©gageant plus de CO2 que la bouse de vache. D'une maniĆØre gĆ©nĆ©rale, ce travail montre que S. calcitrans se base sur un Ć©ventail de composĆ©s volatils communs aux diffĆ©rentes ressources qu'elle exploite. Pour ne citer que les plus importants d'entre eux, le dimethyl trisulfide, l'acide butanoĆÆque, le p-crĆ©sol, le ?-caryophyllene et l'octĆ©nol, se retrouvent Ć  la fois dans l'odeur des substrats de ponte et dans les effluves animales.