Résultat de la recherche
La distinction culturelle chez les adolescents: une étude sociologique et psychologique
La présente recherche poursuivait deux objectifs principaux. Elle visait en premier lieu à tester la validité de la thèse de l’homologie structurale auprès d’adolescents. Élaborée sur la base d’études réalisées auprès d’adultes, cette thèse soutient que les goûts et les pratiques culturelles sont fonction de la position sociale et s’enracinent dans la prime enfance. La présente recherche visait en second lieu à mesurer l’impact respectif de facteurs sociaux et de facteurs psychologiques sur la distribution des dispositions culturelles. Dans l’ensemble, les résultats suggèrent que les logiques sous-jacentes à la stratification des goûts et des pratiques culturelles généralement observées chez les adultes opèrent dès la prime adolescence. Les analyses menées indiquent également que le trait de personnalité « ouverture » constitue un meilleur prédicteur de la disposition esthétique et de l’éclectisme que le milieu social ou le sexe. Toutefois, ce trait s’est révélé fortement dépendant du milieu social, jetant ainsi les bases de futures recherches relatives à la genèse des traits de personnalité. Abstract: This doctoral dissertation pursued two main research goals. First, it aimed to test the validity of the structural-homology thesis in adolescents. Based on studies in adults, this thesis posits that cultural tastes and practices depend on socioeconomic status and are rooted in early childhood. Second, this doctoral dissertation aimed to assess the respective influence of social and psychological factors on the distribution of cultural dispositions. Overall, results suggest that the underpinnings of the stratification of cultural tastes and practices generally observed in adults are already operative in early adolescence. In addition, the conducted analyses indicate that personality trait openness is a better predictor of aesthetic disposition and eclecticism than socioeconomic status and sex. However, openness was found to strongly vary with social milieu, thus paving the way for future research dedicated to the genesis of personality traits.
Chronic occupational stress does not discriminate burnout from depression
Is burnout solely job-related? A critical comment
Within the field-dominating, multidimensional theory of burnout, burnout is viewed as a work-specific condition. As a consequence, the burnout syndrome cannot be investigated outside of the occupational domain. In the present paper, this restrictive view of burnout's scope is criticized and a rationale to decide between a work-specific and a generic approach to burnout is presented. First, the idea that a multidimensional conception of burnout implies a work-restricted scope is deconstructed. Second, it is shown that the burnout phenomenon cannot be confined to work because chronic, unresolvable stress - the putative cause of burnout - is not limited to work. In support of an integrative view of health, it is concluded that the field-dominating, multidimensional theory of burnout should abandon as groundless the idea that burnout is a specifically job-related phenomenon and define burnout as a multi-domain syndrome. The shift from a work-specific to a generic approach would allow both finer analysis and wider synthesis in research on chronic stress and burnout.