Résultat de la recherche
Overcoming Social Interactions Stress During COVID-19 Lockdown: The Role of Individuals’ Mobility and Online Emotional Support
The effect of COVID-19 lockdowns on the shift from in-person (offline) social interactions to online interactions and its consequences on social support and stress attracted scholarly attention. However, much less is known about how individuals’ prior mobility experiences have influenced coping with this shift. In the present research, we hypothesized that people with mobility experiences should already be more familiar with, and could profit more from, online social interactions before the pandemic, which might buffer against the negative impact of the pandemic on the emotional social support they obtained and the stress they felt during these interactions. In order to investigate this issue, we collected data ( N = 875) in Germany during the lockdown between April and May 2021. We measured mobility by introducing a novel approach that encompasses the act of moving houses (both within a country and internationally), commuting patterns, and nationality (migration background). Participants also reported the frequency of their online and offline interactions (before and during the lockdown), as well as the emotional support they obtained from online and offline interactions and the stress felt during lockdown interactions (as compared to before the lockdown). Results provide quantitative evidence in support of the main hypothesis especially regarding migration background. We discuss the relevance of these findings for research on migration and mobility.
Erosion or Resilience? Descriptive and Substantive Minority Representation and Majority Group Voters’ Democratic Attitudes
Policies and prejudice: integration policies moderate the link between immigrant presence and anti-immigrant prejudice
Integration Policy
This chapter examines Swiss integration policy from an international comparative perspective and assesses its evolution through a historical lens. In line with international trends, a gradual improvement in the social and economic rights of legally resident foreigners can be observed, which facilitated access to the Swiss labour market, family reuni cation, or social bene ts. Resistance towards these trends is concentrated in the realms of political and cultural rights. Formal requirements to acquire Swiss citizenship remain high, and the country continues to hold an assimilationist understanding of integration, with only scarce concessions to cultural pluralism. This restrictive policy orientation re ects for instance in the considerable share of third-generation nonSwiss citizens, meaning grandchildren of immigrants, who still hold no Swiss passport. Right-wing populist parties such as the Swiss People’s Party nurture this restrictive impetus, and pro t from the instruments of direct democracy to translate it into policies. Since the early 2000s, this strategy has been increasingly successful, as documented by the adoption of the minaret ban (2009), the initiative against mass immigration (2014), or the face disclosure initiative (2021) at the polls. From a structural perspective, similarly to other federations, policies regulating the political, socio-economic, and cultural-religious inclusion of non-citizen residents in the country evolved in a bottom-up manner. Although a more proactive stance in this eld was developed at the national level over the last two decades, cantons and municipalities retain signi cant authority for their own approaches to the implementation as well as the formulation of integration policy.
The great accelerator. The relationship between inclusive political reception contexts and immigrants’ sedentary ties
This PhD thesis focuses on the relationship between the political reception context (PRC) and immigrants’ sedentary ties. The PRC, an aspect of the context of reception (Portes & Rumbaut, 2006), is captured via integration and citizenship policies as well as natives’ attitudes towards immigration. Thus, the PRC represents the socio-political atmosphere faced by foreign-born noncitizens when they settle in a new place of residence. Research on the relationship between the PRC and immigrants’ outcomes are rather disparate. Research on how integration policies – an aspect of the PRC – interact with immigrants’ attitudes and behaviours lead to mixed findings. Similarly, inquiries on citizenship policies focus on either naturalization rates or the effects of citizenship acquisition. More comprehensive and less equivocal, studies describe the negative effects of xenophobic attitudes on a wide set of outcomes including mobility, wages and wellbeing. This thesis focuses on the relationship between the PRC and immigrants’ sedentary ties with the host country – this thesis comprises five separate articles that capture the various outcomes under scrutiny: feelings of attachment (Paper I), naturalization intentions (Papers II and III), (im-)mobility behaviours (Paper IV) and residential location choice (Paper V). These outcomes can all be described as sedentary markers. Prior studies on the relationship between PRC components and immigrants’ outcomes have all analysed the direct relationship. This thesis proposes a new mechanism, arguing that the PRC may also moderate the positive effect of immigrants’ time spent in the host country on sedentary ties. Thus, this thesis aims to answer the following research questions: • How does the subnational PRC relate to immigrants’ sedentary ties to the host country? • Can inclusive PRCs amplify time’s effects on immigrants’ sedentary ties? • Can some immigrants’ characteristics moderate the relationship between the PRC and immigrants’ sedentary ties? Based on empirical quantitative analyses at the level of the Swiss Cantons, the findings of this PhD thesis regarding the association between the PRC and sedentary ties are rather inconclusive. However, the main finding of this thesis is that an inclusive PRC amplifies time’s positive effects on immigrants’ sedentary ties. Importantly, this shows the importance of the PRC when seen together with time spent in the host country, offering a better way to understand the PRC’s relationship with immigrants’ outcomes. This finding is especially valuable for the literature on the association between integration policies and immigrants’ outcomes. This thesis also demonstrates that this relationship is more significant for some immigrant categories, such as the most vulnerable immigrants in terms of residence permit and country origin. Furthermore, this thesis complements the migration–mobility literature by demonstrating that political factors matter for immigrants’ immobility decisions and residential location choice – a hitherto under-researched phenomenon. Résumé Cette thèse de doctorat porte sur la relation entre le contexte politique d'accueil (CPA) et les liens de sédentarité des immigrant.e.s. Le CPA est basé sur le concept de « contexte d’accueil » (Portes & Rumbaut, 2006) et est implémenté à l’aide de trois composantes : les politiques d'intégration et de naturalisation ainsi que l’attitude de la population native envers l'immigration. De ce fait, le CPA représente l’atmosphère socio-politique dans lequel vivent les populations étrangères au moment de leur installation dans un lieu de résidence. La recherche sur les liens entre les composantes du CPA et les migrant.e.s a débouché sur des résultats plutôt disparates. Par exemple, la recherche démontre des résultats ambigus quant à la relation entre politiques d’intégration et les attitudes et comportement de la population étrangère. Concernant les politiques de naturalisation, un fort accent a été mis sur les taux de naturalisation et les effets de la naturalisation sur les personnes migrantes. Les recherches sont plus équivoques et compréhensives concernant le lien entre les attitudes xénophobes et leurs effets négatifs sur la population étrangère en termes de mobilité, de salaire ou de bien-être psychologique. Cette thèse cherche donc à compléter cette littérature en analysant la relation entre le CPA et les liens de sédentarité entre les non-ressortissant.e.s et le pays d’accueil. Le concept de liens de sédentarité représente l’attachement émotionnel et/ou l’incorporation dans l’environnement de vie. Ce concept de liens de sédentarité synthétise les différents comportements et intentions des articles qui composent ce doctorat : le sentiment d'attachement au pays d’accueil (article I), les intentions de se naturaliser (articles II et III), les comportements d'(im-)mobilité (article IV) et le choix du lieu de résidence (article V). Ces comportements et intentions peuvent tous être décrits comme des marqueurs de sédentarité. Cette thèse complète aussi la littérature existante en proposant un nouveau mécanisme sur les liens entre CPA et immigrant.e.s. Jusqu’alors, la recherche a présupposé un lien direct entre CPA et non-ressortissant.e.s. Néanmoins, je démontre que l’association entre CPA et population étrangère est plutôt indirecte et agit à travers le temps passé en Suisse. Ainsi, mon travail vise à répondre aux questions de recherche suivantes : • Quel est le lien entre le CPA régional et les liens de sédentarité des immigrant.e.s avec le pays d'accueil ? • Les CPA inclusifs peuvent-ils amplifier les effets du temps sur les liens de sédentarité des immigrant.e.s ? • Certaines caractéristiques individuelles peuvent-elles modérer la relation entre le CPA et les liens de sédentarité des immigrant.e.s ? En se basant sur des analyses quantitatives au niveau des cantons suisses, ce doctorat démontre que le CPA n'a peut-être pas d'association directe avec les liens sédentaires, car les résultats sont plutôt peu concluants. Cependant, la principale conclusion est qu’un CPA inclusif amplifie les effets positifs du temps sur les liens de sédentarités des immigrant.e.s. Cela répond de manière importante aux résultats ambigus concernant les effets des politiques d'intégration. En effet, cette thèse montre l'importance de prendre en compte le temps passé par les immigrant.e.s dans le pays d'accueil afin de mieux comprendre la relation entre la CPA et les immigrant.e.s. Cette thèse démontre également que cette relation est plus marquée pour certaines catégories d'immigrant.e.s, en fonction de la vulnérabilité liées au permis de séjour et au pays d’origine. En outre, cette recherche complète la littérature sur la migration et la mobilité en montrant que les facteurs politiques jouent un rôle dans les décisions d'(im-)mobilité des immigrant.e.s et du choix de résidence, un phénomène négligé jusqu’ici par la recherche.
How effective are integration policy reforms? The case of asylum-related migrants
How political reception contexts shape location decisions of immigrants
Voting with Their Feet by Staying? The Political Drivers of Noncitizens' (Im-)mobility
While research documents that some migrants leave their country of origin for political reasons, we do not know how the political factors in the host-country matter to explain immigrants' (im-)mobility behaviours after an initial migration. Addressing this gap, this study explores noncitizens' (im-)mobility responses to regional integration policies. Building on the evidence that inclusive policies foster immigrants' ties to the host-country over time, the paper argues that effective exposure to inclusive policies decreases inter-cantonal and international mobility, i.e. increases noncitizens' immobility. To test this, we run multilevel analyses using STATPOP register data on the entire immigrant resident population of Switzerland, and cantonal integration policy data. Findings reveal that inclusive policies do indeed amplify the sedentary effect of time spent in Switzerland, and, thus, increase noncitizens' immobility. This pattern holds true for international and inter-cantonal mobility, and is most pronounced among vulnerable immigrants, i.e. non-EU citizens holding a less-stable legal permit.