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  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Immigrants, emigrants, and the right to vote: a story of double standards
    (London: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2021)
    International migration simultaneously creates populations of emigrants living outside their state of nationality, and of immigrants living in states the nationality of which they do not hold. The discrepancy between resident and national populations has produced protracted situations of mass disenfranchisement, but also triggered new forms of re-enfranchisement beyond nationality and/or residence. The chapter compares the double trend in contemporary democracies of extending the right to vote to non-resident citizens and to non-citizen residents. It shows that notwithstanding significant interstate variations, states have been far more prone to expand the franchise to their own nationals abroad, than to foreigners durably settled within their territorial jurisdiction. These uneven policy developments contradict two central assumptions in the field of citizenship studies, namely that citizenship in today’s democracies has become more liberal and less valuable than in the past. Instead, they reveal a growing inequality of treatment between immigrants and emigrants also visible in other migration policy areas. They tell a story of double standards, where emigrants are represented as benevolent tourists whose right to participate is taken for granted, whereas immigrants take the suspicious traits of vagabonds, whose right to participate must be earned through naturalisation.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    SWISSCIT Index on Citizenship Law in Swiss Cantons: Conceptualisation, Measurement, Aggregation
    In the Swiss federal context, the acquisition of citizenship through ordinary naturalization, the enjoyment of electoral rights as a foreign resident, and the retention of the franchise as a Swiss citizen abroad is not uniformly defined through a single federal law but co-determined by the cantons. In this explanatory note, we introduce SWISSCIT, a set of indicators measuring how inclusive cantonal citizenship policies are through a systematic comparison of the legislation in force as of 31 December 2017 in the 26 cantons. The dataset comprises three separate aggregated indicators, measuring the legislation on 1) ordinary naturalization of foreign residents; 2) the right to vote and stand as candidate of foreign residents in local and cantonal elections; and 3) the right to vote and stand as candidate of Swiss citizens abroad in their municipality and canton of origin. The note successively discusses issues of conceptualization, measurement and aggregation. By making our methodology fully transparent, we follow what has become common practice in index-building and hope to encourage users to make use of our data in their own research.