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  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Ordinary Ottomans: post-World War I settlements and experiences of the end of empire
    (2024)
    Aline Schlaepfer
    ;
    Tejel, Jordi 
    In the introduction to this special issue, we address the concepts of ordinariness and Ottomanness, and how they intersect within the general context of the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire.1 Given the already existing scholarship on ordinary groups or individuals in the history of the Middle East, we first position ordinariness as context-specific; that is, we understand it as subjected to various forms of exclusion from the elite. Second, within the framework of the major political changes that characterise the end of Empire we explore ordinariness and how it is embedded in everyday life and practices. We interrogate the capacities of individuals to maintain regularity through ordinary practices, after or despite a disruptive episode. We argue that persisting with everyday life practices despite crisis can serve as a strategy to reclaim spaces of autonomy from power structures. However, we also demonstrate that ordinary individuals, being vulnerable subjects or citizens, are also subject to change. These questions eventually lead us to rethink the debate on ‘continuities and ruptures’ within the post-Ottoman context. We suggest that framing Ottomanness as a time-marker, rather than as an identity-marker (Ottoman-era), allows us to focus on how groups and individuals coped with these changes, rather than attempting to define them.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    "The Kurds and World War II: Some Considerations for a Social History Perspective"
    (Prague: OJS, 2023-10-29)
    Tejel, Jordi 
    Scholars generally argue that during the Second World War the Middle East, and the Kurdish areas in particular, was a peripheral theatre of an otherwise global war. While this is largely true, it seems necessary to introduce some nuances into this analysis. A view from the borderlands, combined with a socio-historical approach to how the war was experienced on a daily basis behind the front line, reveals that military tensions, large-scale arms smuggling, inflation, food shortages and economic migration were common features in the Kurdish borderlands between 1941 and 1945. Furthermore, looking at the uneventful can help us to better understand the context in which the Kurdish nationalist movement developed during the war and in the immediate post-war years.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Rethinking State and Border Formation in the Middle East: Turkish-Syrian-Iraqi Borderlands, 1921-46
    (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2023-05-31)
    Tejel, Jordi 
    While the wars in Iraq, Syria, Libya and Yemen, alongside the establishment of the so-called “Islamic Caliphate” have brought the debate about the crisis of the territorial nation-state in the Middle East once again to the fore, this issue cannot be simply understood as the logical consequence of either an imported political construction or the purported artificiality of Middle Eastern borders. Instead, the process of state formation in the region has been a complicated course that involved different institutional traditions, managing societies marked by varying degrees of political loyalty to central power, and dealing with colonial interference. Rethinking State and Border Formation in the Middle East seeks to disentangle some of these complexities by proposing both a decentred and dialectic approach. Taking its cue from the bourgeoning field of borderland studies and a variety of historical sub-disciplines, this monograph pays attention to the circulation of people, goods, diseases and ideas as well as to the everyday encounters between a wide range of state and non-state actors in the borderlands laying between Turkey, Syria and Iraq. The goal is to provide a much more holistic yet finely-grained understanding of the formation of the territorial state in the interwar Middle East.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Pêwendîya Franko-Kurdî Li Lubnan û Surîyeyê (1930-1946) û Bandora Wê Li Ser Avabûna Nasnameya Neteweyî Ya Kurdî
    (2021-4-1)
    Tejel, Jordi 
    Ev nivîs pêşî berê xwe dide wê ramana oryantalîzmê ya di navbera her du şerên cihanê de û bi dû ra bala nivîsê dikişîne, tîne ser têgeha nasnameya kurdî û dipirse ka elîtên Kurdan kengî, çira û çawa xebat kirin ku konsepteke maqûl ya nasnameya kurdî ava bibe. Ji ber pêşveçûnên li Rojhilata Navîn, ev xebata ji bo avakirina nasnameyê an jî çêkirina “civakeke yekgirtî ya xeyalî” -mebest ji civakê, civaka kurmanca ye- di bin bandora fransîyan da pêk hat, ji ber ku hingê Sûrîye di bin desthilata fransîyan da bû. Pêwendîya di navbera karmendên fransî û rewşenbîrên kurd da welê kir ku di encama hevkarîya wan da berhemên nivîskî derkevin holê ku him hêz û îlhamê da ji bo avakirina nasnameya kurdî, him jî îmaja kurdan li Ewropayê xweş kir. Lê di çêkirina nasnameyeke kurdî da ku her kesê ku dixwest nikaribû tevî wê proseya çêkir- inê bibe, encameke berbiçav derket holê: “Rewşenbîrê Ewropa dîtî” mecbûr man di nav civakeke sembolîk da bijîn, ev civak ji wê civaka berê gellekî cuda bû ewa ku yên ne-elît yan jî elîtên ‘adetî wekî şêx û serok’eşîr tê de xwedî- hukm bûn.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    « Des femmes contre des moutons » Franchissements féminins de la frontière turco-syrienne (1929-1944)
    (2020-4-7)
    Tejel, Jordi 
    En croisant les apports des études de genre et des border studies, cet article étudie les conditions de vie des femmes dans les zones rurales à l’extrémité orientale de la frontière turco-syrienne (Haute Jazîra) ainsi que leur capacité d’agentivité, en explorant la mobilité transfrontalière de courte distance. Adoptant une approche décentrée de l’histoire, l’article montre ensuite combien l’analyse de la coopération frontalière pour faire face aux affaires diverses touchant à des femmes permet d’approfondir non seulement nos connaissances sur la manière dont le droit s’incarne, mais également d’appréhender les processus complexes de construction étatique dans un contexte marqué par d’âpres enjeux frontaliers entre la Turquie et la Syrie.