Voici les éléments 1 - 10 sur 22
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La “sociedad” entre naturaleza y artificio. Esbozo de un naturalismo social moderado

2021, Kaufmann, Laurence, Clément, Fabrice

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Children’s allocation of resources in social dominance situations

2016-12-20, Cherafeddine, Rawan, Mercier, Hugo, Kaufmann, Laurence, Clément, Fabrice, Reboul, Anne, Van der Henst, Jean-Baptiste

Two experiments with preschoolers (36 to 78 months) and 8-year-old children (Experiment 1, N = 173; Experiment 2, N = 132) investigated the development of children’s resource distribution in dominance contexts. On the basis of the distributive justice literature, 2 opposite predictions were tested. Children could match resource allocation with the unequal social setting they observe and thus favor a dominant individual over a subordinate 1. Alternatively, children could choose to compensate the subordinate if they consider that the dominance asymmetry should be counteracted. Two experiments using a giving task (Experiment 1) and a taking task (Experiment 2) led to the same results. In both experiments, children took dominance into account when allocating resources. Moreover, their distributive decisions were similarly affected by age: Although 3- and 4-year-old children favored the dominant individual, 5-year-old children showed no preference and 8-year-old children strongly favored the subordinate. Several mechanisms accounting for this developmental pattern are discussed.

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Rules Trump Desires in Preschoolers' Predictions of Group Behavior

2016-4-17, Bernard, Stephane, Clément, Fabrice, Kaufmann, Laurence

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How Preschoolers Use Cues of Dominance to Make Sense of Their Social Environment

2015-3-23, Cheraffedine, Rawan, Mercier, Hugo, Clément, Fabrice, Kaufmann, Laurence, Berchtold, André, Reboul, Anne, Van der Henst, Jean-Baptiste

A series of four experiments investigated preschoolers’ abilities to make sense of dominance relations. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that as early as 3 years old, preschoolers are able to infer dominance not only from physical supremacy but also from decision power, age, and resources. Experiments 3 and 4 showed that preschoolers have expectations regarding the ways in which a dominant and a subordinate individual are likely to differ. In particular, they expect that an individual who imposes his choice on another will exhibit higher competence in games and will have more resources.

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How Preschoolers Associate Power with Gender in Male-Female Interactions: A Cross-Cultural Investigation

2020-1-6, Charafeddine, Rawan, Zambrana, Imac M., Triniol, Benoit, Mercier, Hugo, Clément, Fabrice, Kaufmann, Laurence, Reboul, Anne, Pons, Francisco, Van der Henst, Jean-Baptiste

Interactions between males and females often display a power imbalance. Men tend to adopt more dominant physical postures, lead conversations more, and are more likely to impose their will on women than vice versa. Furthermore, social representations typically associate males with a higher power than females. However, little is known about how those representations emerge in early childhood. The present study investigated whether preschool children from different countries assign more power to males than to females in the context of mixed-gender interactions. In Experiments 1a (n = 148) and 1b (n = 403), which implemented power through body postures, 4–6 year-old children from France, Lebanon, and Norway strongly associated power with a male character. Experiment 2 (n = 160) showed that although both French boys and girls identified themselves more with a dominant than with a subordinate posture, girls were less likely to do so in a mixed-gender context. In Experiment 3 (n = 213), which no longer used body postures, boys from Lebanon and France attributed more decision power and resource control to a male puppet than did girls. By investigating gender representations through interactions, the present study shows that children associate gender and power at an early age.

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Children's allocation of resources in social dominance situations

2016-11-26, Cherafeddine, Rawan, Mercier, Hugo, Clément, Fabrice, Kaufmann, Laurence, Reboul, Anne, Van der Henst, Jean-Baptiste

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How the brain predicts people's behavior in relation to rules and desires. Evidence of a medio-prefrontal dissociation

2015-9-23, Corradi Del'Acqua, Corrado, Turri, Francesco, Kaufmann, Laurence, Clément, Fabrice, Schwartz, Sophie

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Sciences sociales et sciences cognitives : une rencontre impossible ?

2018-10-12, Clément, Fabrice, Kaufmann, Laurence

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The boss is always right: Preschoolers endorse the testimony of a dominant over that of a subordinate

2016-10-16, Bernard, Stephane, Castelain, Thomas, Kaufmann, Laurence, Mercier, Hugo, Van der Henst, Jean-Baptiste, Clément, Fabrice

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Must cognitive anthropology be mentalistic? Moving towards a relational ontology of social reality

2015-8-17, Kaufmann, Laurence, Clément, Fabrice