Voici les éléments 1 - 3 sur 3
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Empêcher la domination. La construction de l’horizontalité à la Grève du Climat
    (Neuchâtel : Université de Neuchâtel, 2023-05-30)
    Augsburger, Robin
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    Ce mémoire propose une approche ethnographique du fonctionnement de la Grève du Climat. Il se focalise sur le groupe cantonal neuchâtelois, mais permet des généralisations valables pour l’entier du mouvement. Basé sur un terrain immersif, sur des entretiens et sur l’expérience militante de l’auteur, il se concentre sur la démocratie interne. Il propose des descriptions de pratiques concrètes (allant de la modération des réunions aux emblématiques gestes des mains en passant par l’écriture de procès-verbaux) et leur analyse sous l’angle de l’horizontalité et de l’empêchement de la domination au sens wébérien de « chance pour un ordre de rencontrer une docilité » [Weber 1995 : 95]. Cette horizontalité est créée, renforcée et alimentée par le recours à des processus et moments formels, notamment des réunions fréquentes qui voient le déploiement d’un registre horizontal-formaliste par les activistes afin de faciliter la participation du plus grand nombre et la prise en compte de l’avis d’un maximum de personnes, tout en s’inscrivant dans une approche souple et modulable. Elle s’incarne également dans le militantisme quotidien, y compris au travers de l’usage d’outils électroniques participatifs, et même dans des espaces informels non-militants. Ce travail propose d’abord une conceptualisation de l’horizontalité. Suivent la conception de la démocratie au sein du mouvement ; la description et l’analyse des pratiques et outils permettant d’empêcher une domination et de faciliter la participation effective du plus grand nombre ; l’évocation de l’activité intense déployée par les activistes, des effets délétères de celle-ci et des moyens mis en œuvre pour prévenir l’épuisement ; l’importance de la transparence et de la transmission des savoirs et savoir-faire ; la généralisation d’une culture de discussion dépassant les moments formels ; la structuration de la Grève du Climat ; et l’insertion du mouvement dans un cadre plus large.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Explaining Dynamic Strategies for Defending Company Legitimacy: The Changing Outcomes of Anti-Sweatshop Campaigns in France and Switzerland
    (2018-4-9)
    This article analyzes and compares the dynamically changing outcomes of anti-sweatshop campaigns in France and Switzerland through a qualitative comparative case study using interviews and analysis of firsthand and secondary data. In both countries, some targeted firms made early concessions and later withdrew from those concessions. To explain these changing outcomes over time, the article develops a perspective that puts emphasis on interaction phases and highlights corporate strategic responses to anti-sweatshop movement demands. Analyzing those responses as driven by legitimacy contests between companies and activists, the study explains why anti-sweatshop movements had significant outcomes early on and shows the mechanisms that allowed firms to withdraw from initial concessions at a later stage. In the course of changing interaction dynamics and contexts, companies developed strategies building on competing sources of legitimacy to circumvent movement demands. The companies thereby compensated for the legitimacy losses inflicted by their withdrawal from earlier concessions and the legitimacy deficits of other solutions. The analysis reveals three strategies firms used to achieve and compensate legitimacy and discusses their contextual combination comparing the two cases: inter-firm cooperation, ethical product labels originating in collaborations with competing social movement actors, and publicly fighting back against campaign makers.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Explaining Dynamic Strategies for Defending Company Legitimacy : The Changing Outcomes of Anti-Sweatshop Campaigns in France and Switzerland
    This article analyzes and compares the dynamically changing outcomes of anti-sweatshop campaigns in France and Switzerland through a qualitative comparative case study using interviews and analysis of firsthand and secondary data. In both countries, some targeted firms made early concessions and later withdrew from those concessions. To explain these changing outcomes over time, the article develops a perspective that puts emphasis on interaction phases and highlights corporate strategic responses to anti-sweatshop movement demands. Analyzing those responses as driven by legitimacy contests between companies and activists, the study explains why anti-sweatshop movements had significant outcomes early on and shows the mechanisms that allowed firms to withdraw from initial concessions at a later stage. In the course of changing interaction dynamics and contexts, companies developed strategies building on competing sources of legitimacy to circumvent movement demands. The companies thereby compensated for the legitimacy losses inflicted by their withdrawal from earlier concessions and the legitimacy deficits of other solutions. The analysis reveals three strategies firms used to achieve and compensate legitimacy and discusses their contextual combination comparing the two cases: inter-firm cooperation, ethical product labels originating in collaborations with competing social movement actors, and publicly fighting back against campaign makers.