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Womersley, Gail
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Womersley, Gail
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- PublicationMétadonnées seulementA Sociocultural Exploration of Shame and Trauma Among Refugee Victims of TortureShame profoundly colours the experiences of the thousands of refugees entering Europe. Not only does the literature attest to the high levels of trauma among this population, research in the past decade has increasingly revealed the hidden yet pervasive role that shame may play in posttraumatic symptomatology. Shame may emerge as a result of the many forms of torture, sexual violence and other atrocities experienced in the country of origin, yet is equally exacerbated by degrading and humiliating asylum procedures, having to accept a new and often devalued social identity of being an asylum seeker, and the embarrassment of not meeting culturally-informed expectations to financially support the family back home. Shame is a complex process affecting core dimensions of the self, identity, ego processes, and personality—and is thus inextricably shaped by culture. It has a detrimental impact on health-seeking behaviour, yet its masked manifestations remain often unnoticed by practitioners. This is a critical consideration for clinicians and researchers working with refugee populations, where the relation is typically marked by power differentials across a matrix of identities informing not only the shame of the refugee but of the clinicians or researchers themselves. As both a researcher and clinical psychologist working with refugee populations, I explore the myriad dimensions of shame within this context based on personal reflections of my time “in the field” as well as the burgeoning literature on this topic. Key implications for techniques and methods which may be drawn upon by both researchers and clinicians are discussed.
- PublicationMétadonnées seulementPost-traumatic stress disorder among refugees following xenophobic attacks in Durban, South Africa(Lisbon: inScience Press, 2018)
; - PublicationMétadonnées seulementThe Shame and Fame of Rape: Sexual Violence in South AfricaThe mystifying dualism of shame is that it is at once an isolating, intimately intra-psychic phenomenon seeking concealment, yet remains deeply embedded in a visual and public interpersonal space where the self is violently and unexpectedly exposed to the critical gaze of the Other. This chapter aims to examine how the shame felt around sexual violence in particular occurs at the interface of private and public spaces, an inherently private act with consequences being played out within the public arena, significantly informed by public perceptions of rape. Shame lies at the heart of the traumatic experience of rape – it is the experience of the body being exposed as inherently damaged or defiled and the consequent disconnection of the self from society. An investigation of the noxious affect of shame is especially pertinent in the context of sexual violence in South Africa, a country with one of the highest prevalence of rape in the world (Jewkes et al, 2009).
- PublicationMétadonnées seulement