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De Saussure, Louis

Nom
De Saussure, Louis
Affiliation principale
Fonction
Professeur.e ordinaire
Email
louis.desaussure@unine.ch
Identifiants
https://libra.unine.ch/handle/123456789/557
_
0000-0001-9587-8729

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  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Shaping the american mind to go to war. A cognitive-pragmatic analysis of war rhetoric in America post-Vietnam
    (Neuchâtel, 2023)
    Fénart, Elise 
    ;
    De Saussure, Louis 
    Cette thèse explore la rhétorique guerrière des États-Unis suivant la guerre du Vietnam, à partir de l’analyse d’un corpus formé de discours présidentiels allant de Ronald Reagan en 1980, jusqu’à Barack Obama en 2011. Les thématiques de la modulation de l’identité et de la menace de l’ennemi sont étudiées par le biais de plusieurs mécanismes, notamment ceux de la présupposition et de la métaphore, pour montrer que des effets de contrainte récurrents et sous-jacents contribuent à ce que l’interprétation du discours prenne une direction consistante et unifiée, même lorsque ce qui est défendu est de retirer les troupes américaines. L’objectif est double: premièrement, en combinant les apports théoriques de la cognitive linguistique et pragmatique (principalement ceux de l’intégration conceptuelle et de la théorie de la pertinence), il est possible d’arriver à des analyses linguistiques qui traitent à la fois du discours au moment de l’interprétation, et de ses effets dans le long terme. Ces derniers culminent en la formation et consolidation d’un cadre (“frame”) prédominant, qui fournit un contexte très accessible au sein duquel l’interprétation de nouveaux conflits peut facilement trouver pertinence, en se basant sur un raisonnement familier. Le second objectif est d’approfondir la notion de communication persuasive, particulièrement les mécanismes qui soutiennent son efficacité, notamment dans le temps, et face à l’apparition de faits contradictoires. Abstract: This thesis explores American War Rhetoric post-Vietnam, stemming from a large corpus-based analysis of presidential speeches from Ronald Reagan in 1980, to Barack Obama in 2011. The issues of identity and threat construction are considered through the lens of several mechanisms, mainly those of presupposition and metaphor, to show that recurring, underlying constraining effects serve to promote the interpretation of the discourse in a consistent and unified direction, even when what is argued is the withdrawal of troops. The objective is two fold: firstly, the combination of cognitive linguistic and cognitive pragmatic frameworks (mainly those of Conceptual Blending Theory and Relevance Theory) helps to provide linguistic analyses which can both tackle the online interpretation of discourse, along with its effects in the long-term. These amount to the formation and constant consolidation of an overarching frame, which provides a very accessible context within which the interpretation of new conflicts can easily find relevance, based upon familiar reasoning. The second objective is to get to a fuller explanatory account of the mechanisms which underlie the efficiency of persuasive discourse, with a special focus on its lasting efficiency, including when conflicting facts come to light.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    The relevance-affective model: explaining narrative empathy within relevance theory
    (2022-07-29)
    Pozner, Ismaël
    ;
    De Saussure, Louis 
    Narrative empathy is the sharing of similar feelings with fictional characters as a result of perceiving or imagining their depicted situation. Cognitive narratology presents interesting accounts on narrative empathy but fails to explain it from a processing standpoint. Conversely, (narrative) empathy has not been explained using relevance theory (RT) despite the development of non-propositional effects in the field over the last decades. There is untapped potential in explaining narrative empathy using new notions from RT. This goal of this interdisciplinary work is to present a model called the Model of Affective Relevance (MAR) to describe the functioning of empathy and narrative empathy. I gather insights about (narrative) empathy in the literature affective science and cognitive narratology to establish the crucial components of the model. I use RT as a chassis and add successive addons to incorporate new cognitive mechanisms to fit the requirements for narrative empathy. The first addon is procedural meaning to integrate affective effects and components of emotional communication. The second addon is metacognitive acquaintance in which we introduce non-propositional representations of a novel kind in RT to explain mentalistic inferences. The third addon is goal relevance to account for engagement within RT and differences of appraisals for characters in stories. With its design, the MAR can describe appraisals as patterns of activations, the way experiences are stored and deployed in processing, and the mutual influences of affects on cognition and vice-versa within the scope of RT. I propose that empathy is only one possible outcome of the model in which we, observers, engage our own goals in a target. There must be connivance between the target’s attributed goals and ours from our perspective. This inferential process relies on a constant affective attunement in which processing cues of the character’s situation activates relevant representations called ‘metacognitive acquaintance’. The latter notion involves activations of previous experiences associating events to mental states and implies an update of the observer’s (or reader’s) affective state. Finally, I discuss the MAR by comparing it to other models and show how they bring interesting observations about the representational nature of the MAR and address some of its issues. I suggest that the MAR sheds lights not only on narrative empathy but also on the role of non-propositionality RT.