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  • Publication
    Accès libre
    SWISSCIT Index on Citizenship Law in Swiss Cantons: Conceptualisation, Measurement, Aggregation
    In the Swiss federal context, the acquisition of citizenship through ordinary naturalization, the enjoyment of electoral rights as a foreign resident, and the retention of the franchise as a Swiss citizen abroad is not uniformly defined through a single federal law but co-determined by the cantons. In this explanatory note, we introduce SWISSCIT, a set of indicators measuring how inclusive cantonal citizenship policies are through a systematic comparison of the legislation in force as of 31 December 2017 in the 26 cantons. The dataset comprises three separate aggregated indicators, measuring the legislation on 1) ordinary naturalization of foreign residents; 2) the right to vote and stand as candidate of foreign residents in local and cantonal elections; and 3) the right to vote and stand as candidate of Swiss citizens abroad in their municipality and canton of origin. The note successively discusses issues of conceptualization, measurement and aggregation. By making our methodology fully transparent, we follow what has become common practice in index-building and hope to encourage users to make use of our data in their own research.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Left out by the State, Taken in by the Region? Explaining the Regional Variation of Healthcare Rights for Undocumented Migrants in Italy, Spain, and Switzerland
    The interaction of norms of democratic inclusion in multi-level states might lead to divergent ideas about citizenship and rights across different territorial levels of government. Theoretically, it could be imagined that a person is treated as a citizen with full social rights by the regional authorities, while having no legal citizenship status in the state. By focusing on health care rights for undocumented migrants in six regions of three multi-level states (Geneva and Zurich in Switzerland, Tuscany and Lombardy in Italy, Andalusia and Madrid in Spain), this paper sets out to answer the following question: Do regional governments in multi-level states modify access to public health care for undocumented immigrants and, if so, why and how? The findings demonstrate that territorial differences within countries are as relevant as those that exist across them. The argument of the paper is that highly differentiated territorial traditions shape citizenship architectures in multi-level states, therefore producing a variety of membership rights that change depending on which region of the state a person inhabits.