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Bshary, Redouan
Résultat de la recherche
Power and temptation cause shifts between exploitation and cooperation in a cleaner wrasse mutualism
2013, Gingins, Simon, Werminghausen, Johanna, Johnstone, Rufus A., Grutter, Alexandra S., Bshary, Redouan
Arginine Vasotocin Regulation of Interspecific Cooperative Behaviour in a Cleaner Fish
2012, Soares, Marta, Bshary, Redouan, Mendonca, Rute, Grutter, Alexandra S., Oliveira, Rui F.
Cleaner Wrasses Labroides dimidiatus Are More Cooperative in the Presence of an Audience
2011, Oates, Jennifer, Grutter, Alexandra S., Bshary, Redouan
Pairs of cooperating cleaner fish provide better service quality than singletons
2008, Bshary, Redouan, Grutter, Alexandra S., Willener, Astrid S. T., Leimar, Olof
Male cleaner wrasses adjust punishment of female partners according to the stakes
2012, Raihani, Nichola, Grutter, Alexandra S., Wismer, Sharon, Bshary, Redouan
Relationship between roving behaviour and the diet and client composition of the cleaner fish Labroides bicolor
2012, Oates, Jennifer, Manica, Andrea, Bshary, Redouan, Grutter, Alexandra S.
Tactile stimulation lowers stress in fish
2011, Soares, Marta, Oliveira, Rui F., Frank Huascar Ros, Albert, Grutter, Alexandra S., Bshary, Redouan
Female cleaner fish cooperate more with unfamiliar males
2012, Raihani, Nichola, Grutter, Alexandra S., Bshary, Redouan
Short-Term Variation in the Level of Cooperation in the Cleaner Wrasse Labroides dimidiatus: Implications for the Role of Potential Stressors
2011, Bshary, Redouan, Oliveira, Rui F., Grutter, Alexandra S.
There is a wealth of game theoretical approaches to the evolution and maintenance of cooperation between unrelated individuals and accumulating empirical tests of these models. This contrasts strongly with our lack of knowledge on proximate causes of cooperative behaviour. Marine cleaning mutualism has been used as a model system to address functional aspects of conflict resolution: client reef fish benefit from cleaning interactions through parasite removal, but cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus prefer client mucus. Hence, feeding against their preference represents cooperative behaviour in cleaners. Cleaners regularly cheat non-predatory clients while they rarely cheat predatory clients. Here, we asked how precisely cleaners can adjust service quality from one interaction to the next. We found that non-predatory clients receive a better service if the previous client was a predator than if the previous client was a non-predator. In a related laboratory experiment, a hand-net used as a stressor resulted in cleaners feeding more against their preference in subsequent interactions. The combination of the cleaners’ behaviour in the two studies shows that the cleaners’ service quality for a given client species is not fixed, but it can be manipulated. The results suggest that short-term stress is one factor that causes cleaners to increase their levels of cooperation, a hypothesis that is amenable to further experiments manipulating the endocrine system.
Cleaner fish cause predators to reduce aggression toward bystanders at cleaning stations
2008, Cheney, Karen L., Bshary, Redouan, Grutter, Alexandra S.
Mutualisms, in which both participants gain a net benefit, are ubiquitous in all ecosystems, and the importance of understanding their broader ecological context has been demonstrated many times. Indirect effects of mutualisms may have important implications for surrounding ecosystems through changes in density, species composition, or behavior; however, the latter has been difficult to quantify. In fish cleaning mutualisms, cleaners benefit by removing and consuming ectoparasites from clients, whereas clients benefit from a reduction in parasite load. Cleaner fish are also thought to benefit from immunity to predation and use tactile stimulation as a preconflict management strategy to manipulate partners' decisions and to avoid being eaten by piscivorous client fish. Here we show, using a laboratory experiment, that the presence of cleaner fish resulted in nearby fish not involved in the cleaner–client mutualism experiencing less aggression (chases) from predatory clients. In addition, the rate that piscivorous clients chased prey was negatively correlated with the amount of tactile stimulation given to the predator by the cleaner. These data suggest that, in the laboratory, the risk of aggression from predators toward nearby prey fish was greatly reduced as a by-product of cleaner fish presence and tactile stimulation of predators by cleaner fish. These results raise the question of whether cleaning stations act as safe havens from predator aggression.