Institut des sciences du langage et de la communication

2016-5-19, Petitjean, Cécile

2001, Pekarek Doehler, Simona, Németh, Enikö

It has become widely accepted that the functioning of anaphora in discourse is not directly rooted in the text itself but pertains to the mental representations of the speaker and the addressee. The speaker's selection of the linguistic means for expressing reference is understood as essentially grounded in his or her assessment of the recoverability or mental accessibility of the referent to the addressee. According to this principle, most prominently expounded in the work of Ariel (1990), Chafe (1994) and Givón (1979, 1995), speakers tend to use pronouns for highly accessible entities and fuller nominal expressions for less accessible ones. While generally subscribing to the representational model of reference, I would like to suggest that the way speakers code discourse objects cannot be limited to a pure referential functionality. In the present paper, I will sketch the possibility of an alternative view, focusing on the relation between linguistic resources and the social co-ordination of discourse activities. This view is based on three fundamental assumptions: 1. discourse objects are not preestablished entities influencing the way speakers talk or the linguistic resources they select to do so, but are themselves emerging from talk as a social activity; 2. referential processes are crucially involved in the social-interactional organization of this activity and cannot be reduced to the transmission or structuring of informational content; 3. the cognitive correlates of these processes, such as the accessibility or identifiability of referents, are themselves locally contingent socially co-ordinated processes. In what follows, an analysis of face-to-face interactions in French will serve to identify some of the socio-interactional facts that motivate such a view. Uses of informationally minimal referential codings (i.e. pronominal expressions) for long distance anaphora will be examined which present a challenge for current theories of reference. Combining insights from the representational model and an interaction-oriented line of research on reference (Fox 1987, Ford & Fox 1996, Goodwin 1995, Mondada 1995, Sacks 1992), my aim is to show that anaphoric processes rely not merely on shared knowledge about referents, but also - and in some cases essentially - on shared assumptions about the dominant organizational principles of a segment of talk (cf. Pekarek 1999, Pekarek Doehler 2000b). I will argue that these processes are crucially linked to the way talk is co-ordinated as a social-interactional undertaking and that choices of the linguistic means for expressing reference are both motivated by and contributing to organizing the structure of activities deployed in talk. In the final section of this paper, some implications for an understanding of referential processes as situated, reciprocally configured socio-cognitive activities will be sketched.

2012-11-24, Diémoz, Federica

2016, Kristol, Andres, Glessgen, Martin, Trotter, David

1997, Kristol, Andres, Wüest, Jakob

2002, Kristol, Andres

1998, Kristol, Andres, Holtus, Günter

2013, Morel, Etienne, Pekarek Doehler, Simona

Cet article étudie les formes et les fonctions de l’alternance codique (AC) dans la communication écrite médiée par téléphone portable. Il expose d’abord les principaux résultats de la recherche sur l’AC, et notamment de celle sur la communication par SMS. Il présente ensuite une analyse des caractéristiques formelles et fonctionnelles de l’AC dans un important corpus de messages ayant comme langue de base le français (Suisse). L’analyse révèle des pratiques récurrentes d’hybridation des frontières entre les langues, et un recours à un nombre limité de formes-types de l’AC relevant d’un bilinguisme minimal qui s’exprime à travers des formules hautement internationalisées ; elle révèle également l’association récurrente de l’AC à un nombre limité domaines de référence à tonalité souvent branchée et/ou cosmopolite. Sous ces aspects, l’AC apparaît comme une ressource par laquelle les scripteurs affichent leur appartenance à une communauté qui se veut translinguistique et globalisée.

2008, Ferrari, Angela, Cignetti, Luca, De Cesare, Anna-Maria, Lala, Letizia, Mandelli, Magda, Ricci, Claudia, Roggia, Carlo Enrico

2016, Clément, Fabrice