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An Intelligent Process-driven Knowledge Extraction Framework for Crime Analysis

Titre du projet
An Intelligent Process-driven Knowledge Extraction Framework for Crime Analysis
Description
In recent years, mathematical, statistical and computational science methods have found extensive applications in developing new procedures for crime investigation, prosecution and the enforcement of law. Computer-based methods have also become important tools for performing certain forensic functions. Computational Forensic (CF) is an emerging interdisciplinary research domain. It concerns the investigation of forensic problems using computational methods, with the primary goal of discovery and advancement of forensic knowledge

Embedded in the context of this new interdisciplinary research domain, the general objective of the project described in this proposal (seen as collaboration between crime analysis experts and computer scientists working on data mining) is the development of an intelligent process-driven framework for crime analysis. The two components (sub-projects) cover the two research aspects: realization of a formal framework for modeling crime analysis processes (forensic subproject) and the development of an intelligent framework integrating knowledge (processes) and forensic data (computational sub-project).

The forensic sub-project, through a formalization of inference structures that pertains to crime analysis, should devise a set of areas where computational models may help to make the computer more active in the process. At the same time, it must describe how to interpret the patterns identified by the intelligent framework and how to relate them to current knowledge about crime analysis and environmental criminology. The task of modelling crime analysis processes rises two critical questions: (A) What is the appropriate formalism used to represent these structures, and (B) What is the appropriate methodology to generate and manage the collection of modeled processes?

The development of the computational framework for crime data analysis raises a number of theoretical and practical issues for which the computational sub-project must find appropriate solutions. The most critical of these issues are (i) What is the formal theory on which the reasoning/deduction must be performed, by considering the impreciseness and vagueness nature of forensic data and/or of crime analysis processes; (ii) How to implement in practice the integration/involvement of domain knowledge in the whole process of data analysis, what is the representation of this kind of knowledge, what is the mechanism allowing a crime analysis process execution to design and fine-tune data mining algorithms; (iii) How to ensure the coherence of a knowledge extraction iterative approach and how to evaluate, based on domain constraints, the interestingness and significance of the discovered patterns. The decision to ground the computational framework for crime data analysis on the formal theory of fuzzy systems may bring the necessary answers.
Chercheur principal
Statut
Completed
Date de début
1 Septembre 2011
Date de fin
31 Août 2014
Chercheurs
Ribaux, Olivier
Organisations
Site web du projet
Identifiant interne
16956
identifiant
https://libra.unine.ch/handle/123456789/1553
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  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    An Intelligent Process-driven Knowledge Extraction Framework for Crime Analysis
    (2012-9-12)
    Grossrieder, Lionel
    ;
    Albertetti, Fabrizio 
    ;
    Stoffel, Kilian 
    ;
    Ribaux, Olivier
    ;
    Ioset, Sylvain
    In this research, we attempt to study the contribution of data mining techniques in crime analysis and intelligence. It is an interdisciplinary project, combining forensic, criminological and computational methods. We search to develop a frame in which data mining techniques, driven by crime analysis and forensic processes, take an active part to data interpretation and information analysis (in order to extract knowledge). Realized in collaboration with the cantonal police forces of Vaud in Switzerland, the first phase of this project consists to focus on residential burglary data. The sample is provided by the Concept Intercantonal de Coordination Opérationnelle et Préventive (CICOP) database, which is the regional center for crime analysis in French-speaking part of Switzerland. The CICOP analysts use phenomenon codes to define a particular crime situation. These CICOP codes are directly related to the situational approaches in criminology. Concretely, we have three main purposes: residential burglary classification, new phenomena discovery, and series or trends detection. That brings, in first hand, to formalize processes identified in crime analysis with the help of a standard notation called Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN). Then, different data mining techniques are tested on data, and assessed by confronting them with phenomena identified by police forces analysts. Finally, we make a criminological analysis on the results to check the consistency with main situational theories in criminology. Accuracy and results relevance exam is an important step, because the different data mining algorithms can generate trivial and unexplainable rules. We note then the need of a human interpretation, and in this case, of a criminological interpretation. The first results are hopeful and classification algorithms are effective to classify residential burglaries like CICOP analysts did it.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Change points detection in crime-related time series: An on-line fuzzy approach based on a shape space representation
    (2015-12-17)
    Albertetti, Fabrizio 
    ;
    Grossrieder, Lionel
    ;
    Ribaux, Olivier
    ;
    Stoffel, Kilian 
    The extension of traditional data mining methods to time series has been effectively applied to a wide range of domains such as finance, econometrics, biology, security, and medicine. Many existing mining methods deal with the task of change points detection, but very few provide a flexible approach. Querying specific change points with linguistic variables is particularly useful in crime analysis, where intuitive, understandable, and appropriate detection of changes can significantly improve the allocation of resources for timely and concise operations. In this paper, we propose an on-line method for detecting and querying change points in crime-related time series with the use of a meaningful representation and a fuzzy inference system. Change points detection is based on a shape space representation, and linguistic terms describing geometric properties of the change points are used to express queries, offering the advantage of intuitiveness and flexibility. An empirical evaluation is first conducted on a crime data set to confirm the validity of the proposed method and then on a financial data set to test its general applicability. A comparison to a similar change-point detection algorithm and a sensitivity analysis are also conducted. Results show that the method is able to accurately detect change points at very low computational costs. More broadly, the detection of specific change points within time series of virtually any domain is made more intuitive and more understandable, even for experts not related to data mining.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Au Service des Enquêtes Criminelles
    (2013-6-31)
    Albertetti, Fabrizio 
    ;
    Cotofrei, Paul 
    ;
    Grossrieder, Lionel
    ;
    Ribaux, Olivier
    ;
    Stoffel, Kilian 
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    From Police Reports to Data Marts: a Step Towards a Crime Analysis Framework
    (: Springer, 2012-11-11)
    Albertetti, Fabrizio 
    ;
    Stoffel, Kilian 
    Nowadays, crime analyses are often conducted with computational methods. These methods, using several different systems (such as decision support systems), need to handle forensic data in a specific way. In this paper we present a methodology to structure police report data for crime analysis. The proposed artifact is mainly about applying data warehousing concepts to forensic data in a crime analysis perspective. Moreover, a proof of concept is carried out with real forensic data to illustrate and evaluate our methodology. These experiments highlight the need of such framework for crime analysis.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Crime Linkage: a Fuzzy MCDM Approach
    (: IEEE, 2013-6-4)
    Albertetti, Fabrizio 
    ;
    Cotofrei, Paul 
    ;
    Grossrieder, Lionel
    ;
    Ribaux, Olivier
    ;
    Stoffel, Kilian 
    Grouping crimes having similarities has always been interesting for analysts. Actually, when a set of crimes share common properties, the capability to conduct reasoning and the automation with this set drastically increase. Conjunction, interpretation and explanation based on similarities can be key success factors to apprehend criminals. In this paper, we present a computerized method for high-volume crime linkage, based on a fuzzy MCDM approach in order to combine situational, behavioral, and forensic information. Experiments are conducted with series in burglaries from real data and compared to expert results.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    The CriLiM Methodology: Crime Linkage with a Fuzzy MCDM Approach
    (: IEEE, 2013-8-12)
    Albertetti, Fabrizio 
    ;
    Cotofrei, Paul 
    ;
    Grossrieder, Lionel
    ;
    Ribaux, Olivier
    ;
    Stoffel, Kilian 
    Grouping events having similarities has always been interesting for analysts. Actually, when a label is put on top of a set of events to denote they share common properties, the automation and the capability to conduct reasoning with this set drastically increase. This is particularly true when considering criminal events for crime analysts; conjunction, interpretation and explanation can be key success factors to apprehend criminals. In this paper, we present the CriLiM methodology for investigating both serious and high-volume crime. Our artifact consists in implementing a tailored computerized crime linkage system, based on a fuzzy MCDM approach in order to combine spatio-temporal, behavioral, and forensic information. As a proof of concept, series in burglaries are examined from real data and compared to expert results.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Des données aux connaissances, un chemin difficile : réflexion sur la place du data mining en analyse criminelle
    (2013-4-1)
    Grossrieder, Lionel
    ;
    Albertetti, Fabrizio 
    ;
    Stoffel, Kilian 
    ;
    Ribaux, Olivier
    Le "data mining", ou "fouille de données", est un ensemble de méthodes et de techniques attractif qui a connu une popularité fulgurante ces dernières années, spécialement dans le domaine du marketing. Le développement récent de l’analyse ou du renseignement criminel soulève des problématiques auxquelles il est tentant d’appliquer ces méthodes et techniques. Le potentiel et la place du data mining dans le contexte de l’analyse criminelle doivent être mieux définis afin de piloter son application. Cette réflexion est menée dans le cadre du renseignement produit par des systèmes de détection et de suivi systématique de la criminalité répétitive, appelés processus de veille opérationnelle. Leur fonctionnement nécessite l’existence de patterns inscrits dans les données, et justifiés par les approches situationnelles en criminologie. Muni de ce bagage théorique, l’enjeu principal revient à explorer les possibilités de détecter ces patterns au travers des méthodes et techniques de data mining. Afin de répondre à cet objectif, une recherche est actuellement menée en Suisse à travers une approche interdisciplinaire combinant des connaissances forensiques, criminologiques, et computationnelles