Entre laboratoire et terrain : physiciens, chimistes et archéologues face au radiocarbone
Date issued
December 30, 2016
In
Organon
No
48
From page
113
To page
141
Reviewed by peer
1
Subjects
Mots clés : histoire des sciences histoire des sciences humaines histoire de l'interdisciplinarité archéologie terrain laboratoire datation 14C.
Abstract
Résumé : Contrairement à ce que suppose le sens commun, les progrès (méthodologiques) en sciences ne sont pas nécessairement les conséquences directes des innovations techniques. L’introduction de la datation par le radiocarbone (ou 14C) en archéologie n’échappe pas à ce constat. Annoncée comme une méthode révolutionnaire dans les années 1950, cet outil n’a pourtant eu qu’un impact très limité sur le développement de l’archéologie européenne jusque dans les années 1980. En tenant compte des conditions spécifiques de la production de la connaissance en archéologie d’une part et, d’autre part, dans le cadre des sciences de laboratoire, cet article vise à éclairer les modalités concrètes des collaborations étroites qui se sont mises en place entre archéologues, physiciens et chimistes nucléaires autour de la mise au point de la datation par le radiocarbone.
Summary: Contrary to a common assumption, (methodological) improvements in science are not necessarily the direct consequences of technical innovations. The introduction of radiocarbon dating (or 14C) in archaeology confirms this assessment. Heralded as a revolutionary method around the 1950s, its impact on the development of European archaeology remained however very limited before the 1980s. Considering the specific conditions of science production in archaeology and in the field of laboratory sciences, this article aims at clarifying the concrete modalities of the close collaborations, which were initiated between archaeologists, and physicists and nuclear chemists in the context of the development of radiocarbon dating.
Summary: Contrary to a common assumption, (methodological) improvements in science are not necessarily the direct consequences of technical innovations. The introduction of radiocarbon dating (or 14C) in archaeology confirms this assessment. Heralded as a revolutionary method around the 1950s, its impact on the development of European archaeology remained however very limited before the 1980s. Considering the specific conditions of science production in archaeology and in the field of laboratory sciences, this article aims at clarifying the concrete modalities of the close collaborations, which were initiated between archaeologists, and physicists and nuclear chemists in the context of the development of radiocarbon dating.
Later version
http://www.ihnpan.waw.pl/4133-2/
Publication type
journal article
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