Robotisation of the operating room has transformed the practice and organization of surgical work at the macro (hospital and inter-hospital organization), meso (team and interdepartmental work) and micro (surgeon and staff) level, with significant impact on interprofessional collaboration and the interpreative work and technical gestures of the surgeons and surgery teams. These transformations raise new challenges for the training of surgeons and surgical teams. Recent studies have highlighted the limits of the traditional methods of surgical training, based either on apprenticeship and on-the-job learning, or on simulation methods (Beane, 2018). In our work, we explore the potential of a new training method, called Cross Self-Confrontations, for the initial and continuous training of surgeons in robotic surgery (Seppänen, L., Kloetzer, L., Riikonen, J., & Wahlström, M., 2016; Seppänen, Kloetzer & Wahlström, 2017). Uncertainty, complexity and the need for interpretative mode of work (Norros et al., 2015 ; Norros, 2018) dominate robotic surgery, making training a difficult and long process, and that Cross Self-confrontations (Kloetzer, Clot & Quillerou, 2015) are a promising method for overcoming some of the current limits of learning robotic surgery.
The project sets out to expand our understanding of how technology transforms professional and interprofessional learning and training in uncertain, risky, technological environments, and simultaneously supports the transformations of this professional learning and training.