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Burkhard, Martin

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Burkhard, Martin
Affiliation principale
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Ancien.ne collaborateur.trice
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https://libra.unine.ch/handle/123456789/34638

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  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Inversion tectonics, interference pattern and extensional fault-related folding in the Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco
    (2008)
    Robert-Charrue, Charles
    ;
    Burkhard, Martin 
    The Anti-Atlas belt of Morocco is a Variscan chain which appears as a huge anticlinorium oriented NE-SW. In the internal part of this structure, the actual relief shows the basement cropping out as inliers (Piqué 2001) or boutonnières. The cover, a thick pile of Paleozoic sediments up to 12 km thick, is gently folded and of low grade metamorphism in its lower level. The lack of major décollement, of a deformation front or thrust-fault makes the Anti-Atlas an unusual type of belt, which does not fit with classic schemes. The Anti-Atlas has been considered to be a thick skinned fold belt, with the crystalline basement involved in the horizontal shortening and where the folding of the cover fits to a “buckle fold” mode (Burkhard et al. 2006). This structural style is determined by two key parameters: the total thickness of Paleozoic cover series and the relative abundance of shale vs. competent marker beds.
    The Eastern Anti-Atlas has particular features which are not found elsewhere in the Anti-Atlas. Its location at the intersection between the NW-SE Ougarta chain and the ENE-WSW main body of the Anti-Atlas, produces an egg-box interference pattern. The significance of minor folds and thrusts in the competent beds and their particular orientation is examined. The fact that the cover in the Eastern Anti-Atlas is only 6 km thick, which changes the shale vs competent beds ratio, influences its structural style. The feature that distinguishes the most Eastern Anti-Atlas is the presence of large E-W normal faults affecting the whole structure and creating extensional fault-related folding in the cover.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Illite crystallinity patterns in the Anti-Atlas of Morocco
    (2008)
    Ruiz, Geoffrey M. H.
    ;
    Helg, Urs 
    ;
    Negro, François 
    ;
    Adatte, Thierry 
    ;
    Burkhard, Martin 
    The low-grade metamorphism of the sedimentary cover of the Moroccan Anti-Atlas is investigated using Illite crystallinity (IC) method. More than 200 samples from three key areas (southwestern, central and eastern Anti-Atlas) have been taken from a maximum of different stratigraphic levels and have been analysed. The metamorphism is of low to very low degree throughout the southern flank of the Anti-Atlas. It increases from northeast to southwest. Whereas in the eastern Anti-Atlas diagenetic and anchizonal IC-values are predominant, in the western and central Anti-Atlas also epizonal IC-values are found. In every respective area the IC improves with stratigraphic age. At the scale of the entire Palaeozoic Anti-Atlas basin the IC correlates best with estimated paleo-overburden. However, burial metamorphism cannot be the cause even though considering missing sedimentary pile of Late Carboniferous age. The ‘abnormal’ paleo-geothermal gradient of 43–35 °C/km we evidenced for the Carboniferous is a true one, and has to be related to a basement sequence enriched in heat producing elements such as series of the West African Craton.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Folding and inversion tectonics in the Anti-Atlas of Morocco
    (2004)
    Helg, Urs 
    ;
    Burkhard, Martin 
    ;
    Caritg, Séverine
    ;
    Robert-Charrue, Charles
    The late Variscan Anti-Atlas of Morocco shows some conspicuous deviations from the standard anatomy of foreland fold-and-thrust belts. Large basement inliers crop out at a very short distance of less than 50 km behind the southeastern front of the fold belt, reminiscent of Windriver-style basement uplifts. In contrast to the Rocky Mountain foreland, however, the Anti-Atlas basement uplifts punctuate tightly folded Paleozoic cover series similar in tectonic style to the Appalachian Valley and Ridge province. Cover shortening is exclusively accommodated by buckle folding, and the Anti-Atlas fold belt lacks any evidence for duplexing or thrust faults other than the occasional steep reverse fault found near basement inliers. Basement domes have classically been considered as the result of vertical tectonics in a horst and graben fashion, or, alternatively, as large “plis de fond” [ Argand, 1924 ], basement folds. Unfolding of a large portion of an Ordovician quartzite marker bed reveals a minimum shortening of 17% (30 km). Balancing this section at the crustal scale indicates a lower crustal detachment level at 18 to 25 km depth. Basement shortening is inferred to be accommodated through massive inversion of former extensional faults, inherited from a Late Proterozoic-Lower Cambrian rifting phase.