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Debus, Maike Elisabeth

Nom
Debus, Maike Elisabeth
Affiliation principale
Fonction
Professeur.e assistant.e
Email
maike.debus@unine.ch
Identifiants
https://libra.unine.ch/handle/123456789/31815
_
0000-0003-1040-540X

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  • Publication
    Restriction temporaire
    Response Behavior in Work Stress Surveys: A Qualitative Study on Motivational and Cognitive Processes in Self- and Other-Reports
    (2021)
    Berit Greulich
    ;
    Debus, Maike Elisabeth 
    ;
    Martin Kleinmann
    ;
    Cornelius J. König
    Work stressors have major consequences for employees’ health and performance. Although organizations often ask employees to fill out work stress surveys regarding stressors and resources, the literature on survey responding offers only limited advice on how to formulate work stress surveys. Furthermore, self-, supervisor-, and co-worker-reports show only low convergence. To deepen our understanding of motivational and cognitive processes when individuals respond to work stress surveys, we used a qualitative, grounded theory approach. We interviewed employees after they responded to representative items, asking them about their thoughts, motivational processes, potential factors that might have biased their responses, and the contexts they considered when responding. Since organizations are often also interested in other-reports of stress at work, we also interviewed supervisors and co-workers. We reached theoretical saturation after 31 interviews. A multi-stage coding-process with three raters resulted in new theoretical findings regarding motivational processes, comparisons, and differences between self- and other-reports. For example, employees sometimes deliberately distort answers for fear of consequences. Furthermore, employees, supervisors, and co-workers undergo different comparison processes. The findings of this study suggest that more specific and context-rich wording of items may lead to a more reliable and comparable assessment of stressors and resources at work.
  • Publication
    Restriction temporaire
    Job insecurity and performance over time: the critical role of job insecurity duration
    (2020)
    Debus, Maike Elisabeth 
    ;
    Dana Unger
    ;
    Cornelius J. König
    Purpose: Research on the relationship between job insecurity and job performance has thus far yielded inconclusive results. The purpose of this paper is to offer a more dynamic perspective on the effects of job insecurity on job performance. Design/methodology/approach: Drawing from cognitive appraisal theory, research on critical life events, and stress reactions as well as more general theorizing around the role of time, this paper proposes that individuals’ job performance reactions to job insecurity will be dynamic over time. Findings: Adopting a person-centered perspective, this paper suggests that there are seven subpopulations that differ in their intra-individual job performance change patterns over time. Research limitations/implications: This paper presents potential predictors of subpopulation membership and presents an agenda for future research. Originality/value: We contribute to the literature by introducing a dynamic perspective to the study of job performance in the context of job insecurity. Delineating a set of open questions that follow from the presented theoretical arguments, the authors also hope to stimulate future research in the context of job insecurity and job performance.
  • Publication
    Restriction temporaire
    Being Tough Versus Tender: The Impact of Country‐Level and Individual Masculinity Orientations as Moderators of the Relationship Between Job Insecurity and Job Attitudes
    (2020)
    Debus, Maike Elisabeth 
    ;
    Martin Kleinmann
    ;
    Cornelius J. König
    ;
    Silvan Winkler
    Having a job constitutes one of the most potent means of attaining ‘masculine’ goals such as status, success, and material rewards. In the present research, we examine whether masculinity, both as a country-level value and an individual orientation, moderates the relationship between job insecurity and job attitudes. In Study 1, we draw on cross-cultural data of 20,988 employees from 17 countries. We find that job insecure individuals from countries with higher masculinity values show stronger decrements in job satisfaction (but not commitment). Shedding light on the underlying mechanism, we show that the moderating effect of masculinity is transmitted through two social job characteristics, perceived supervisor interpersonal justice and coworker support. We then constructively replicate the moderating effect of masculinity in Study 2. In a one-country sample of 319 employees, individual masculinity orientations likewise strengthen the negative relationship between job insecurity and job satisfaction. Our research highlights that country-level and individual masculinity orientations yield comparable effects in the job insecurity appraisal process, and provides insight into how cultural values can be enacted at the individual level.
  • Publication
    Restriction temporaire
    Insecure about how to Rate your Job Insecurity? A Two-Study Investigation into Time Frames Applied to Job Insecurity Measures
    (2019)
    Debus, Maike Elisabeth 
    ;
    Berit Greulich
    ;
    Cornelius J. König
    ;
    Martin Kleinmann
    Job insecurity is typically assessed via self-reports, with items usually being generic and non-contextualized (e.g., “I am sure I can keep my job”). Yet, such items may leave substantial room for interpretation, thus potentially individually biasing construct measurement. To test this, we added a time marker as a frame of reference to job insecurity items in Study 1. In a between-subjects design, participants completed a job insecurity measure under three conditions: near future-focused (i.e., job insecurity was rated with regard to the next sixth months), far future-focused (i.e., next five years), and unframed (i.e., no time reference). In the unframed condition we also asked participants which time frame they had in mind while completing the survey. Results showed that individuals’ job insecurity increased with longer time frames. In Study 2, we assessed common correlates of job insecurity and asked individuals about the time frame they had in mind when thinking about job insecurity as well as their reasons for this choice. Employees who chose longer time frames reported higher commitment, lower turnover intentions, lower psychological health complaints, and higher tenure. Qualitatively analyzing respondents’ reasons for selecting a particular time frame indicated that they either referred to time frames that were determined by their organization or politics, time frames that were determined by their position, individually predictable time frames, or individual time frames regarding professional development. Thus, giving items a frame can impact people’s stressor ratings, which implies that future job insecurity research should employ clear time frames.
  • Publication
    Restriction temporaire
    Was, wenn mein Arbeitsplatz unsicher ist? Die Bedeutung von Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit für die berufliche Laufbahn
    (2018)
    Debus, Maike Elisabeth 
    ;
    Cornelius J. König
    Die Sicherheit des eigenen Arbeitsplatzes nimmt für die meisten Menschen eine wichtige Bedeutung in ihrem Leben ein. Erleben Personen ihre Stelle als unsicher, stellt dies einen karrierebezogenen Stressor dar, der typischerweise mit geringerem Wohlbefinden und geringerer Arbeitszufriedenheit einhergeht. Da Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer aus diesen Gründen unsichere Stellen vermeiden wollen, wirkt sich die Situation der Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit auch auf zahlreiche Aspekte ihrer Laufbahn und Karriere aus. Diese zentrale These belegen wir – nach einer Einführung in das Konstrukt Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit – mit einer Reihe von empirischen Befunden. Abschließend fassen wir die wesentlichen Erkenntnisse zusammen und leiten Forschungsdesiderate ab.
  • Publication
    Restriction temporaire
    Examining the effects of negative affectivity on self- and supervisor ratings of job stressors: the role of stressor observability
    (2015)
    Debus, Maike Elisabeth 
    ;
    Cornelius J. König
    ;
    Martin Kleinmann
    ;
    Christina S. Werner
    In this study, we investigated job stressor ratings through Lazarus' transactional stress theory and the usefulness of supervisor ratings as an alternative to employee self-reports. Based on the finding that negative affectivity (NA) causes incumbents to over-report job stressors, we hypothesized that supervisors may also be affected by their NA when appraising an incumbent's job stressors. Building upon the literatures on judgement processes and social-cognitive information processing, we further hypothesized that stressor observability is an important boundary condition. Specifically, we hypothesized that the impact of NA on both self- and supervisor-reported job stressors should increase as stressor observability decreases. Moreover, we hypothesized that incumbent and supervisor ratings would converge less as stressor observability decreases. Data from 260 incumbent-supervisor dyads showed that stressor observability reduced the impact of supervisor NA on supervisor ratings (but not the impact of incumbent NA on incumbent stressor ratings). Further, as hypothesized, incumbent and supervisor ratings showed less convergence the less observable the stressor was. The results highlight the importance of personal and situational factors in the stressor appraisal process – an issue that advances both research and practice in the field of stressor ratings.
  • Publication
    Restriction temporaire
    The building blocks of job insecurity: The impact of environmental and person-related variables on job insecurity perceptions
    (2014)
    Debus, Maike Elisabeth 
    ;
    Cornelius J. König
    ;
    Martin Kleinmann
    This study unites two perspectives concerning the determinants of job insecurity perceptions that exist in the literature and that resemble the classical nature–nurture debate. On the ‘nurture’ side, we investigated the company performance and type of contract, while we focused on negative affectivity and locus of control on the ‘nature’ side. In addition to demonstrating the known main effects of the respective predictors, we examined the proportional reduction in prediction error for both predictor types. Based on Lazarus’ stress model, we also hypothesized interactive effects between the environmental and person-related predictors. Multilevel analyses of 640 employees from 50 companies revealed that all four variables significantly and incrementally predicted job insecurity in the hypothesized direction. Interestingly, the person-related variables contributed more than twice as much to the reduction in prediction error in job insecurity perceptions when compared with the environmental variables. Among the hypothesized interaction effects, only locus of control significantly interacted with type of contract in predicting job insecurity perceptions (employees on a temporary contract experienced a steeper incline in job insecurity perceptions with increasing levels of external locus of control relative to employees on a permanent contract). We discuss implications for the conceptualization of job insecurity as well as practical implications.
  • Publication
    Restriction temporaire
    Catch me if I fall! Enacted uncertainty avoidance and the social safety net as country-level moderators in the job insecurity–job attitudes link.
    (2012)
    Debus, Maike Elisabeth 
    ;
    Tahira M. Probst
    ;
    Cornelius J. König
    ;
    Martin Kleinmann
    Job insecurity is related to many detrimental outcomes, with reduced job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment being the 2 most prominent reactions. Yet, effect sizes vary greatly, suggesting the presence of moderator variables. On the basis of Lazarus's cognitive appraisal theory, we assumed that country-level enacted uncertainty avoidance and a country's social safety net would affect an individual's appraisal of job insecurity. More specifically, we hypothesized that these 2 country-level variables would buffer the negative relationships between job insecurity and the 2 aforementioned job attitudes. Combining 3 different data sources, we tested the hypotheses in a sample of 15,200 employees from 24 countries by applying multilevel modeling. The results confirmed the hypotheses that both enacted uncertainty avoidance and the social safety net act as cross-level buffer variables. Furthermore, our data revealed that the 2 cross-level interactions share variance in explaining the 2 job attitudes. Our study responds to calls to look at stress processes from a multilevel perspective and highlights the potential importance of governmental regulation when it comes to individual stress processes.
  • Publication
    Restriction temporaire
    Examining occupational self-efficacy, work locus of control and communication as moderators of the job insecurity—job performance relationship
    (2010)
    Cornelius J. König
    ;
    Debus, Maike Elisabeth 
    ;
    Stefanie Häusler
    ;
    Nora Lendenmann
    ;
    Martin Kleinmann
    Employees’ performance has been shown to be moderately hampered by job insecurity. Based on conservation of resources theory, the study examines whether three possible resources (occupational self-efficacy, work locus of control and communication) moderate the negative job insecurity—performance relationship. Analyses of a large Swiss dataset reveal two significant interaction effects: the higher the job insecurity, the less influence work locus of control and perceived communication exert on the job insecurity—performance relationship. This suggests that work locus of control and perceived communication may be resources that can only act beneficially in a situation of low job insecurity.