Résultat de la recherche
Metallic ruthenium nanoparticles derived from arene ruthenium complexes: synthesis, characterization and applications
The present work deals with the preparation of ruthenium nanoparticles using an organometallic approach. In the first part, the synthesis of ruthenium nanoparticles stabilized by mesogenic isonicotinic ester ligands is presented. We have been interested in the use of long-chain isonicotinic esters as lipohilic components in order to increase the anticancer activity of arene ruthenium complexes, while using them as stabilizers for ruthenium nanoparticles with the aim of exploring self-organization and biological (anticancer) properties of these new hybrid materials. The ruthenium nanoparticles thus obtained as well as their organometallic precursors showed anticancer activity comparable to cisplatin or superior to cisplatin in the cancer cell lines A2780 and cisplatin-resistant cell line A2780cisR, the highest cytotoxicity being 0.179 µM, a value 9 fold lower than cisplatin – a platinum-based chemotherapy drug widely used to treat different types of cancers.
In second part, silicate-supported ruthenium nanoparticles with a special emphasis on hectorite-supported Ru(0) is presented. Size- and shape-selective preparation of hectorite-supported ruthenium nanoparticles was achieved by using either molecular hydrogen or solvothermal reduction route employing different organometallic precursors. The catalytic efficiency of these nanoparticles was evaluated for different arenes, furfuryl alcohol and α,β-unsaturated ketones. Hectorite-supported ruthenium nanoparticles were found to be promising hydrogenation catalysts. It was observed that the modification of intercalated particles size and reaction conditions tune the catalytic activity for chemo-selective reactions. Thus, these nanoparticles preferentially reduce the C=C olefinic bond in α,β-unsaturated ketones at 35 °C. However, change in particle size results in high selectivity towards C=O bond of α,β-unsaturated ketones, if an excess of solvent is used at low temperatures. A selectivity > 98 % for an unconstrained α,β-unsaturated ketone, trans-4-phenyl-3-penten-2-one, was observed at 0 °C. This kind of selectivity is unique for a heterogeneous catalyst especially when the C=C olefinic bond in α, β-unsaturated moiety is sterically not hindered. It was believed that such a preferential C=O bond hydrogenation in α,β-unsaturated ketones was not possible with heterogeneous catalysts.
In the last part, superparamagnetic core-shell-type Fe3O4/Ru nanoparticles (particle size ~ 15 nm), synthesized by co-precipitation, adsorption and reduction methods, are presented. Their catalytic efficiency for selective C=O hydrogenation in an unconstrained α,β-unsaturated ketone was evaluated using <>trans-4-phenyl-3-penten-2-one. These particles present a green and sustainable approach towards catalyst separation from the reaction mixture, as they can be efficiently separated from the reaction mixture by applying an external magnetic field.
It was the aim of this study to develop metallic ruthenium nanoparticles stabilized by mesogenic isonicotinic ester ligands, intercalated in hectorite and supported on magnetite and to evaluate their catalytic and biological potential.
Arene Ruthenium Assemblies for Biological Applications: From Carceplex to Host-Guest Metalla-Cages
Le développement depuis les années 1980 de la chimie supramoléculaire a permis la synthèse d’objets discrets toujours plus complexes. Le rôle des métaux a été prépondérant, grâce notamment à leur mode de coordination qui permet d’orienter de façon rationnelle l’organisation moléculaire au sein même de l’architecture supramoléculaire. Ainsi, les métalla-cages ont été au centre de l’attention des chimistes, de par leur facilité d’accès au niveau synthétique mais aussi de par leur large spectre d’utilisation.
Depuis la mise sur le marché et le succès clinique du cisplatine comme agent antitumoral, les métaux de transition sont également particulièrement étudiés dans une telle optique d’application. Parmi les plus prometteurs, les complexes mononucléaires arène-ruthénium ont démontré un fort potentiel antiprolifératif tout en étant moins toxiques que les complexes de platine.
Le but de cette thèse de doctorat était de combiner les propriétés d’assemblage des complexes arène-ruthénium en chimie supramoléculaire avec leurs propriétés antiprolifératives. Pour cela, plusieurs métalla-cages ont été construites ; leurs habilités à encapsuler de façon permanente ou réversible des molécules invitées ont été étudiées par différentes méthodes spectroscopiques, et les comportements antiprolifératifs des systèmes ainsi obtenus ont été établis in vitro envers différentes lignées de cellules cancéreuses., Since the development of supramolecular chemistry in the 1980s more and more discrete molecular objects have been synthesised. In this research area metals play a key role. Indeed, the coordination-driven self-assembly allows a directional-bonding approach that organises the different building blocks into supramolecular objects according to the coordination modes of the transition metal. Therefore, the versatility of metalla-cages and their application potential raised an increasing interest for this chemistry.
On the other hand, ever since the clinical success of cisplatin as an antitumour drug, transition metals have raised considerable expectations for the treatment of cancer. So far, mononuclear arene ruthenium complexes are of central interest due to established cytotoxicity towards cancer cells and low general toxicity.
The aim of this thesis was to combine the assembling properties of arene ruthenium complexes in supramolecular chemistry with their antiproliferative activity. Thus, different metalla-cages were synthesised, the permanent or reversible hosting ability of which was studied by various spectroscopic methods with different guest molecules. The antiproliferative behaviour of the resulting systems was established in vitro towards different cancer cell lines.