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  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Sawhorse-type diruthenium tetracarbonyl complexes containing porphyrin-derived ligands as highly selective photosensitizers for female reproductive cancer cells
    (2009)
    Schmitt, Frédéric
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    Auzias, Mathieu
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    Štěpnička, Petr
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    Sei, Yoshihisa
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    Yamaguchi, Kentaro
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    ; ;
    Juillerat-Jeanneret, Lucienne
    Diruthenium tetracarbonyl complexes of the type [Ru2 (CO)422-O2CR)2L2] containing a Ru–Ru backbone with four equatorial carbonyl ligands, two carboxylato bridges, and two axial two-electron ligands in a sawhorse-like geometry have been synthesized with porphyrin-derived substituents in the axial ligands [1: R is CH3, L is 5-(4-pyridyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl-21,23H-porphyrin], in the bridging carboxylato ligands [2: RCO2H is 5-(4-carboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl-21,23H-porphyrin, L is PPh3; 3: RCO2H is 5-(4-carboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl-21,23H-porphyrin, L is 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphatricyclo[3.3.1.1]decane], or in both positions [4: RCO2H is 5-(4-carboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl-21,23H-porphyrin, L is 5-(4-pyridyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl-21,23H-porphyrin]. Compounds 1–3 were assessed on different types of human cancer cells and normal cells. Their uptake by cells was quantified by fluorescence and checked by fluorescence microscopy. These compounds were taken up by human HeLa cervix and A2780 and Ovcar ovarian carcinoma cells but not by normal cells and other cancer cell lines (A549 pulmonary, Me300 melanoma, PC3 and LnCap prostate, KB head and neck, MDAMB231 and MCF7 breast, or HT29 colon cancer cells). The compounds demonstrated no cytotoxicity in the absence of laser irradiation but exhibited good phototoxicities in HeLa and A2780 cells when exposed to laser light at 652 nm, displaying an LD50 between 1.5 and 6.5 J/cm2 in these two cell lines and more than 15 J/cm2 for the others. Thus, these types of porphyric compound present specificity for cancer cell lines of the female reproductive system and not for normal cells; thus being promising new organometallic photosensitizers.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Water-soluble arene ruthenium complexes containing pyridinethiolato ligands: Synthesis, molecular structure, redox properties and anticancer activity of the cations [(η6-arene)Ru(p-SC5H4NH)3]2+
    (2008)
    Gras, Michaël
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    ; ;
    Štěpnička, Petr
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    Renfrew, Anna K.
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    Dyson, Paul J.
    The cationic complexes [(η6-arene)Ru(SC5H4NH)3]2+, arene being C6H6 (1), MeC6H5 (2), p-iPrC6H4Me (3) or C6Me6 (4), have been synthesised from the reaction of 4-pyridinethiol with the corresponding precursor (η6-arene)2Ru22-Cl)2Cl2 and isolated as the chloride salts. The single-crystal X-ray structure of [4](PF6)2 reveals three 4-pyridinethiol moieties coordinated to the ruthenium centre through the sulphur atom, with the hydrogen atom transferred from the sulphur to the nitrogen atom. The electrochemical study of 14 shows a clear correlation between the Ru(II)/Ru(III) redox potentials and the number of alkyl substituents at the arene ligand (E°′ (RuII/III): 1 > 2 > 3 > 4), whereas the cytotoxicity towards A2780 ovarian cancer cells follows the series 4 > 1 > 3 > 2, the hexamethylbenzene derivative 4 being the most cytotoxic one. The corresponding reaction of the ortho-isomer, 2-pyridinethiol, with (η6-C6Me6)2Ru22-Cl)2Cl2 does not lead to the expected 2-pyridinethiolato analogue, but yields the neutral complex (η6-C6Me6)Ru(η2-SC5H4N)(η1-SC5H4N) (5). The analogous complex (η6-C6Me6)Ru(η2-SC9H6N)-(η1-SC9H6N) (6) is obtained from the similar reaction with 2-quinolinethiol.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Synthesis, structure and electrochemistry of cationic diruthenium complexes of the type [(N∩N)2Ru2 (CO)2 (μ-CO)2(μ-OOCFc)]+ containing a ferrocenecarboxylato bridge and two chelating aromatic diimine ligands
    (2007)
    Auzias, Mathieu
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    ; ;
    Štěpnička, Petr
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    Ludvík, Jiří
    The dinuclear bis(ferrocenecarboxylato) complex Ru2 (CO)4 (μ-OOCFc)2 (py)2 (Fc = ferrocenyl, py = pyridine) was found to react with aromatic diimines (2,2′-dipyridyl, 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-dipyridyl, 1,10-phenanthroline, 5-nitro-1,10-phenanthroline, and 5-amino-1,10-phenanthroline) in methanol to give the cationic diruthenium complexes [(N∩N)2Ru2 (CO)2 (μ-CO)2(μ-OOCFc)]+ (1: N∩N = 2,2′-dipyridyl, 2: N∩N = 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-dipyridyl, 3: N∩N = 1,10-phenanthroline, 4: N∩N = 5-nitro-1,10-phenanthroline, 5: N∩N = 5-amino-1,10-phenanthroline), which have been isolated as the hexafluorophosphate salts. The molecular structure of 3, solved by single-crystal X-ray analysis of the tetraphenylborate salt [3][BPh4], shows a diruthenium backbone bridged by two carbonyl and by one ferrocenecarboxylato ligand, the two 1,10-phenanthroline ligands being in the axial positions. Cyclic voltammetry in dichloromethane reveals for all compounds two successive oxidations due to ferrocene/ferrocenium redox couple and oxidation of the diruthenium core.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Mono and dinuclear iridium, rhodium and ruthenium complexes containing chelating carboxylato pyrazine ligands: Synthesis, molecular structure and electrochemistry
    (2007)
    Govindaswamy, Padavattan
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    ; ;
    Štěpnička, Petr
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    Ludvík, Jiří
    The mononuclear complexes [(η5-C5Me5)IrCl(L1)] (1), [(η5-C5Me5)RhCl(L1)] (2), [(η6-p-PriC6H4Me)RuCl(L1)] (3) and [(η6-C6Me6)RuCl(L1)] (4) have been synthesised from pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (HL1) and the corresponding complexes [{(η5-C5Me5)IrCl2}2], [{(η5-C5Me5)RhCl2}2], [{(η6-p-PriC6H4Me)RuCl2}2], and [{(η6-C6Me6)RuCl2}2], respectively. The related dinuclear complexes [{(η5-C5Me5)IrCl}2 (μ-L2)] (5), [{(η5-C5Me5)RhCl}2 (μ-L2)] (6), [{(η6-p-PriC6H4Me)RuCl}2 (μ-L2)] (7) and [{(η6-C6Me6)RuCl}2 (μ-L2)] (8) have been obtained in a similar manner from pyrazine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (H2L2). Compounds isomeric to the latter series, [{(η5-C5Me5)IrCl}2 (μ-L3)] (9), [{(η5-C5Me5)RhCl}2 (μ-L3)] (10), [{(p-PriC6H4Me)RuCl}2 (μ-L3)] (11) and [{(η6-C6Me6)RuCl}2 (μ-L3)] (12), have been prepared by using pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (H2L3) instead of H2L2. The molecular structures of 2 and 3, determined by X-ray diffraction analysis, show the pyrazine-2-carboxylato moiety to act as an N,O-chelating ligand, while the structure analyses of 5–7, confirm that the pyrazine-2,5-dicarboxylato unit bridges two metal centres. The electrochemical behaviour of selected representatives has been studied by voltammetric techniques.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Dinuclear hexamethylbenzene ruthenium cations containing η12-2-(ferrocenyl)ethen-1-yl ligands: Synthesis, structure, electrochemistry
    (2006)
    Tschan, Mathieu J.-L.
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    Ludvík, Jiří
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    Štěpnička, Petr
    ;
    The cationic ferrocenyl-containing complexes [(η6-C6Me6)2Ru2 (μ-η12-CH–CHFc)2 (μ-H)]+ (3) and [(η6-C6Me6)2Ru2 (μ-PPh2)(μ-η12-CH–CHFc)(μ-H)]+ (4) have been synthesised in ethanol from ethynylferrocene and the dinuclear precursors [(η6-C6Me6)2Ru2 (μ-H)3]+ (1) and [(η6-C6Me6)2Ru2(μ-PPh2)(μ-H)2]+ (2) respectively, and isolated as tetrafluoroborate salts. The spectroscopic data of 3 and 4 as well as the single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of [4][BF4] show that the alkyne function of ethynylferrocene has been converted to a σ/π-ethenyl ligand by transfer of a bridging hydride from the diruthenium backbone onto the α-carbon of the triple bond in ethynylferrocene. The ferrocenyl-containing diruthenium compounds [3][BF4] and [4][BF4] as well as their parent compounds [1][BF4] and [2][BF4] have been studied by voltammetric techniques: Whereas 1 shows only an irreversible Ru(II)/Ru(III) oxidation, the phosphido-bridged derivative 2 displays two well-separated one-electron redox processes. In the case of 3 and 4, the ferrocenyl substituents give rise to additional reversible ferrocene/ferrocenium waves.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Ruthenium(II) complexes with ferrocene-modified arene ligands: synthesis and electrochemistry
    (2004) ;
    Vieille-Petit, Ludovic
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    Jeanneret-Gris, Julie
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    Štěpnička, Petr
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    A series of arene–ruthenium complexes of the general formula [RuCl26-C6H5 (CH2)2R}L] with R=OH, CH2OH, OC(O)Fc, CH2OC(O)Fc (Fc=ferrocenyl) and L=PPh3, (diphenylphosphino)ferrocene, or bridging 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene, have been synthesized. Two synthetic pathways have been used for these ferrocene-modified arene–ruthenium complexes: (a) esterification of ferrocene carboxylic acid with 2-(cyclohexa-1,4-dienyl)ethanol, followed by condensation with RuCl3nH2O to afford [RuCl26-C6H5 (CH2)2OC(O)Fc}]2, and (b) esterification between ferrocene carboxylic acid and [RuCl26-C6H5 (CH2)3OH}L] to give [RuCl26-C6H5 (CH2)3OC(O)Fc}L]. All new compounds have been characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy as well as by mass spectrometry. The single-crystal X-ray structure analysis of [RuCl26-C6H5 (CH2)3OH}(PPh3)] shows that the presence of a CH2CH2CH2OH side-arm allows [RuCl26-C6H5 (CH2)3OH}(PPh3)] to form an intramolecular hydrogen bond with a chlorine atom. The electrochemical behavior of selected representative compounds has been studied. Complexes with ferrocenylated side arms display the expected cyclic voltammograms, two independent reversible one-electron waves of the Ru(II)/Ru(III) and Fe(II)/Fe(III) redox couples. Introduction of a ferrocenylphosphine onto the ruthenium is reflected by an additonal reversible, one-electron wave due to ferrocene/ferrocenium system which is, however, coupled with the Ru(II)/Ru(III) redox system.