Résultat de la recherche
Les langues dans la recherche scientifique et son évaluation: quelques regards
Language and discourse practices play a role in scientific research and its evaluation, since they shape knowledge construction. Therefore, it matters in which language research is carried out and knowledge constructed. More precisely, engaging in plurilingual research practices instead of monolingual ones has an impact on the research process and the results obtained. That is because science has its origin in scientific communities and is expressed in discourse activities. Today, however, the diversity of scientific communities and discourse activities tends to be smoothed out to meet the needs of the broad and instant communication of knowledge. This can be witnessed in the emergence of an international scientific macro-community and the uniformization of scientific discourse genres following the same norms and models in a small number of international papers. In this context of the internationalization of scientific research, this paper addresses the tension between the increasing uniformity of scientific practices and language diversity in multilingual Switzerland, from the perspective of research evaluation by the Swiss National Science Foundation. More precisely, this paper shows research councillors' social representations and their views on monolingualism and plurilingualism in science and its evaluation, in relation to their views on science in general and the role of language in research practices.
Parler bi(e)lingue - parler biennois: une approche holistique du bilinguisme à Biel-Bienne
Communication entre soignants et patients migrants: quels moyens pour quels services?
This article aims at a better understanding of the communication between care-givers and migrant patients in relation to several services (medicine, surgery, obstetrics, emergency, geriatrics and psychiatry). Efficiency of different communication strategies is examined through a linguistic analysis of interviews and effective interactions. Among these strategies, the practical and theoretical issues of the cultural mediation are particularly focused.
Disponibilité sociale des représentations: approche linguistique
This article aims to analyze through linguistic tools the social dimension of representations. The dynamics of social representations are viewed as the result of two processes: preconstruction and co-construction. More precisely, the notions of «social availability» and «reference-0» are developed and applied in a conversational analysis perspective. This study allows for a constrastive approach to the study of social representations within several sociopolitical contexts, notably the Aosta Valley (Italy) and the French-speaking part of Switzerland.
Saisir le niveau méso-interactionnel dans l'interaction didactique: autour des notions de saturation et de mésoalternance
While instructional interaction is shaped by situated and dynamic conversational mechanisms, it also realises institutional "projects" designed beforehand (i.e. in the curriculum). In order to interpret participants' orientation towards these projects, as it is displayed in interaction, drawing on a meso-interactional level is often needed. We analyse two phenomena relating to this level in early immersion classroom interaction: saturation, an interactive process aiming at the co-construction of the necessary information at a given point in interaction, in relation to a given activity, and meso-alternation, performing language alternation at certain points of transition between activities addressing both didactic strategies and institutional organisation. The identification of this meso-interactional level lies on theoretical, methodological and epistemological issues. In between approaches that are deeply rooted in the micro level and do not find it useful to oppose it to a macro level and those that provide a top-down perspective on the micro-level, our approach offers a bottom-up perspective (micro to macro). This results in applying a new lense on analytical units of/in interaction and an integrated or continuous treatment of different types of data.
Deuxième partie: Communication et minorités dans les réseaux de soins : introduction
Les références diatopiques dans l'argumentation autour du bilinguisme: L’emblème biennois
Anybody asked to name a bilingual city in Switzerland is likely to mention Biel/Bienne first. This bilingual town frequently acts as point of reference in conversation. In this article, we aim at a better understanding of the argumentative role of Biel/Bienne in conversation, to be derived from an analysis of several recordings made with people living in the town. For comparison, conversational reference to other linguistic situations of diatopic character will be considered additionally. Finally, special focus is put on how the linguistic border is perceived. While often considered relevant from a general point of view, it is regularly questioned in interviews with residents of Biel/Bienne.
Pratiques langagières, pratiques plurilingues: quelles spécificités? quels outils d’analyse? Regards sur l’opacité du discours
This article aims at a better understanding of the characteristics usually linked to plurilingual discourse. Through the analysis of plurilingual and monolingual sequences within school and hospital interactions, the issue is to demonstrate that these characteristics certainly are more obvious and «accountable» in plurilingual interactions, but are not specific to them. A particular attention is paid to the characteristic of discursive «opacity», which is considered as a strategy rather linked to the context definition than to the plurilingual situation.