L'upcycling face aux droits des marques, des designs, d'auteur et de la concurrence déloyale : enjeux de propriété intellectuelle et de durabilité
Author(s)
Leuba, Charlotte
Publisher
Neuchâtel : Université de Neuchâtel/Faculté de droit
Date issued
2025
Number of pages
59 pages
Subjects
upcycling surcyclage propriété intellectuelle droit des marques principe d’épuisement contrefaçon design droit d’auteur concurrence déloyale durabilité économie circulaire greenwashing intellectual property trademark law exhaustion principle counterfeiting design law copyright law unfair competition sustainability circular economy
Abstract
Ce mémoire analyse l’upcycling sous l’angle du droit suisse de la propriété intellectuelle et de la concurrence déloyale. Il s’inscrit dans le contexte de l’économie circulaire et interroge la compatibilité entre durabilité, innovation et protection des droits exclusifs. L’upcycling, ou surcyclage, désigne la transformation créative d’objets en produits de valeur supérieure. À la différence du recyclage traditionnel, il implique une valorisation qualitative et esthétique. En plein essor dans les secteurs de la mode et du luxe, il soulève toutefois des tensions juridiques lorsque les objets transformés incorporent des marques, designs ou oeuvres protégés appartenant à des tiers. Le travail distingue l’upcycling de la contrefaçon et de la simple customisation. Si l’upcycling peut constituer une démarche légitime, il devient illicite lorsqu’il implique l’usage non autorisé de signes distinctifs protégés ou la remise en circulation commerciale de produits modifiés portant encore la marque d’origine. Le mémoire examine successivement les implications de l’upcycling en droit des marques (LPM), en droit des designs (LDes), en droit d’auteur (LDA) et en droit de la concurrence déloyale (LCD). Il met en évidence le rôle central des fonctions de la marque (garantie d’origine, qualité, réputation), la portée du principe d’épuisement, ainsi que les risques de confusion ou d’exploitation de la renommée. Au-delà des aspects juridiques, le mémoire souligne les bénéfices écologiques, économiques et sociaux de l’upcycling, tout en identifiant des défis majeurs tels que le greenwashing. Il propose enfin des pistes d’encadrement juridique permettant de concilier protection de la propriété intellectuelle et promotion de pratiques durables. L’étude conclut que l’upcycling est une pratique à encadrer finement afin d’assurer un équilibre entre liberté créative, sécurité juridique et transition vers une économie plus durable.
This thesis analyzes upcycling from the perspective of Swiss intellectual property law and unfair competition law. It is situated within the broader context of the circular economy and examines the compatibility between sustainability, innovation, and the protection of exclusive rights. Upcycling refers to the creative transformation of objects into products of higher value. Unlike traditional recycling, it involves qualitative and aesthetic enhancement. While experiencing significant growth in the fashion and luxury sectors, upcycling nonetheless raises legal tensions when the transformed objects incorporate trademarks, designs, or protected works belonging to third parties. The study distinguishes upcycling from counterfeiting and from mere customization. Although upcycling may constitute a legitimate practice, it becomes unlawful when it involves the unauthorized use of protected distinctive signs or the commercial reintroduction of modified products that still bear the original trademark. The thesis successively examines the implications of upcycling under trademark law (TmPA), design law (DesA), copyright law (CopA), and unfair competition law (UCA). It highlights the central role of trademark functions (guarantee of origin, quality, reputation), the scope of the exhaustion principle, as well as the risks of confusion or exploitation of reputation. Beyond the legal aspects, the thesis emphasizes the ecological, economic, and social benefits of upcycling, while identifying major challenges such as greenwashing. It ultimately proposes avenues for legal regulation aimed at reconciling intellectual property protection with the promotion of sustainable practices. The study concludes that upcycling is a practice requiring careful legal framing in order to ensure a balance between creative freedom, legal certainty, and the transition toward a more sustainable economy.
This thesis analyzes upcycling from the perspective of Swiss intellectual property law and unfair competition law. It is situated within the broader context of the circular economy and examines the compatibility between sustainability, innovation, and the protection of exclusive rights. Upcycling refers to the creative transformation of objects into products of higher value. Unlike traditional recycling, it involves qualitative and aesthetic enhancement. While experiencing significant growth in the fashion and luxury sectors, upcycling nonetheless raises legal tensions when the transformed objects incorporate trademarks, designs, or protected works belonging to third parties. The study distinguishes upcycling from counterfeiting and from mere customization. Although upcycling may constitute a legitimate practice, it becomes unlawful when it involves the unauthorized use of protected distinctive signs or the commercial reintroduction of modified products that still bear the original trademark. The thesis successively examines the implications of upcycling under trademark law (TmPA), design law (DesA), copyright law (CopA), and unfair competition law (UCA). It highlights the central role of trademark functions (guarantee of origin, quality, reputation), the scope of the exhaustion principle, as well as the risks of confusion or exploitation of reputation. Beyond the legal aspects, the thesis emphasizes the ecological, economic, and social benefits of upcycling, while identifying major challenges such as greenwashing. It ultimately proposes avenues for legal regulation aimed at reconciling intellectual property protection with the promotion of sustainable practices. The study concludes that upcycling is a practice requiring careful legal framing in order to ensure a balance between creative freedom, legal certainty, and the transition toward a more sustainable economy.
Notes
Mémoire de master, Université de Neuchâtel/Faculté de droit, 2025
Publication type
master thesis
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