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Rebetez, Martine

Nom
Rebetez, Martine
Affiliation principale
Site web
Fonction
Professeure ordinaire
Email
martine.rebetez@unine.ch
Identifiants
https://libra.unine.ch/handle/123456789/403

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  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Le tourisme face aux changements climatiques : comment articuler une démarche de durabilité ?: Le cas des Alpes Vaudoises et de la stratégie « Alpes Vaudoises 2020 »
    (2018)
    Bruni, Morgane Cécile
    ;
    Rebetez, Martine 
    La démarche Alpes Vaudoises 2020 vise à solutionner l’apparition pour le tourisme « d’enjeux spécifiques » liés au réchauffement climatique. Les stations de ski de moyenne altitude sont particulièrement concernées par la réduction de l’enneigement. Or, la transition vers un tourisme moins dépendant de la neige est au centre de politiques publiques fédérales et cantonales. Leur but consiste à permettre aux régions spécialement axées sur le tourisme hivernal de poursuivre des activités économiquement rentables tout en prenant en compte l’évolution climatique qui affecte ce secteur.
    Dans le Canton de Vaud, les acteurs du tourisme et le Département de l’économie et du sport ont dès lors présenté une Vision pour le développement futur du tourisme dans les Alpes Vaudoises. En juillet 2013, un rapport final, qui synthétise les options offertes par les experts et les groupes de travail, a été présenté au Conseil d’Etat. En mars 2015, ce dernier a proposé sa version d’un développement futur du tourisme pour les Alpes Vaudoises. Il s’inspire directement de la philosophie fédérale prônant un usage rationalisé des aides étatiques au profit de projets régionaux rentables et générant de la croissance économique en tenant compte de la variabilité climatique. La démarche entreprise vise à entamer une transition progressive vers un tourisme annuel moins tributaire de la neige. La stratégie souhaitée par les autorités cantonales se développe autour de 5 thématiques d’action : le tourisme 4-saisons, la mobilité, l’hébergement, le soutien aux remontées mécaniques et à l’enneigement artificiel ainsi que des mesures d’accompagnement environnementales. A ce plan d’adaptation au changement climatique s’ajoute en outre l’obligation légale d’intégrer une démarche de durabilité. En effet, il s’agit d’une prérogative constitutionnelle qui concerne l’ensemble des politiques publiques suisses.
    Mon mémoire analyse donc la traduction des constats scientifiques liés aux changements climatiques en mesures concrètes sur le terrain, suite à l’adoption d’une politique d’adaptation aux changements climatiques dans les Alpes Vaudoises. La région est au cœur d’un vaste plan de restructuration économique qui, associé à des mesures de durabilité, vise à préserver les ressources naturelles et les écosystèmes et valoriser le capital culturel et socioéconomique local.
    Je souhaite donc expliciter comment le maintien du ski et les mesures initiant la transition du tourisme hivernal vers une diversification de l’offre touristique 4-saisons peuvent s’articuler dans un contexte de durabilité.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Climate change adaptation of the tourism sector in the Bolivian Andes
    (2016-2-8)
    Kaenzig, Raoul 
    ;
    Rebetez, Martine 
    ;
    Serquet, Gaelle
    Over the last 40 years, warmer temperatures have caused a considerable decrease in snow cover on glaciers and high rates of glacial melt, particularly in tropical mountains. In the Bolivian Andes, the Chacaltaya glacier (5400 masl) had been a tourist destination known as the highest ski slope in the world since 1939. As a result of climate change, skiing has not been possible after 1987 and the glacier definitely disappeared in 2009. However, since 2005, the place has become a new attraction for tourists. Travel agencies in La Paz now offer day trips to the Chacaltaya site. In order to understand the present attraction of the site and its potential for reproduction elsewhere, 25 semi-structured interviews were conducted with various categories of stakeholders involved in the tourism industry in La Paz, and archives and images were analysed. Our results show that the multifunctional character of this tourist site, including easy access to a summit, beautiful views, acclimatisation to altitude and opportunity to experience snow, are key factors in its renewed attraction for visitors, together with, to a lesser extent, the incentive of being able to watch a famous and evident full disappearance of a glacier and former ski slope. The stakeholders' groups share general views and perceptions about environmental changes and about the qualities of the site, but they also differ in terms of projects and evaluation of potential attractiveness. In particular, the development of the visibility of climate change impacts on mountain environment is valued by experts or by members of the Andean Club, but not by travel agencies. The example of Chacaltaya shows that multifunctional tourist sites may still be attractive in the future.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    Heat and drought 2003 in Europe: a climate synthesis
    (2006)
    Rebetez, Martine 
    ;
    Mayer, Helmut
    ;
    Dupont, Olivier
    ;
    Schindler, Dirk
    ;
    Gartner, Karl
    ;
    Kropp, Jürgen
    ;
    Menzel, Anette
    Heat and drought were extreme in summer 2003 in Europe. Climatic data show that most extreme were maximum air temperatures in June and August; maps of these two months show a striking similarity in geographical range. Over wide regions, monthly mean temperatures were more than 4 degrees C above the long term mean values. The heat lasted from May to September in large parts of western and central Europe. The lack of precipitation was most severe in summer 2003 but precipitation was generally below normal from February 2003 until June 2004 ( with the exception of two months). Sunshine duration was above normal, particularly in regions which usually have rainy and cloudy episodes in summer, and relative air humidity was below normal during the whole year of 2003. The drought experienced by the vegetation in summer 2003 was exacerbated by the length of the period with scarce precipitation and humidity, by the heat during the summer and by long sunshine duration.
  • Publication
    Métadonnées seulement
    The upward shift in altitude of pine mistletoe (Viscum album ssp austriacum) in Switzerland - the result of climate warming?
    (2005)
    Dobbertin, Matthias
    ;
    Hilker, Nadine
    ;
    Rebetez, Martine 
    ;
    Zimmermann, Niklaus E
    ;
    Wohlgemuth, Thomas
    ;
    Rigling, Andreas
    Pine mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. austriacum) is common in natural Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests in the alpine Rhone Valley, Switzerland. This semi-parasite, which is regarded as an indicator species for temperature, increases the drought stress on trees and may contribute to the observed pine decline in the region. We recorded mistletoes on representative plots of the Swiss National Forest Inventory ranging from 450 to 1,550 m a.s.l. We found mistletoe on 37% of the trees and on 56% of all plots. Trees infested with mistletoe had a significantly higher mortality rate than non-infested trees. We compared the current mistletoe occurrence with records from a survey in 1910. The current upper limit, 1,250 m, is roughly 200 m above the limit of 1,000-1,100 m found in the earlier survey 100 years ago. Applying a spatial model to meteorological data we obtained monthly mean temperatures for all sites. In a logistic regression mean winter temperature, pine proportion and geographic exposition significantly explained mistletoe occurrence. Using mean monthly January and July temperatures for 1961-1990, we calculated Skre's plant respiration equivalent (RE) and regressed it against elevation to obtain the RE value at the current mistletoe elevation limit. We used this RE value and temperature from 1870-1899 in the regression and found the past elevation limit to be at 1,060 m, agreeing with the 1910 survey. For the predicted temperature rise by 2030, the limit for mistletoe would increase above 1,600 m altitude.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Summer 2003 maximum and minimum daily temperatures over a 3300 m altitudinal range in the Alps
    (2004)
    Rebetez, Martine 
    The summer of 2003 was extremely hot in Western Europe and in the Alps. Here I analyse the role of elevation in the temperatures measured in 2003, and I compare daytime and nighttime values. Records from 16 stations at varying elevations show that, during the night, there was a significant correlation between heat and altitude. Hot nighttime temperatures were particularly frequent at low elevation. The frequency of unusually hot daytime highs was not correlated with altitude, but with the average degree of insolation of the sites. Compared to long-term averaged values (1961-1990) the temperatures were hottest in the normally sunniest sites. The unusual nature of the 2003 heat wave was not the absolute daily extreme values, but the lack of cool temperatures and the large number of very warm days. Averaged over all climate stations, half of the days in summer were hotter than the 90th percentile (climate normals 1961-1990), with up to 72% at some stations.