Voici les éléments 1 - 9 sur 9
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    The Digital Tool Pygmalion and its Interactive Maps: Visualising Modal Verbs in the Classroom
    This contribution showcases the free digital tool Pygmalion and its application to the learning/teaching of English modals in both a synchronic and a diachronic perspective. This recently developed tool allows users to draw interactive maps of meanings, constructions and semantic relationships without requiring computer skills. While Pygmalion was originally designed to draw diachronic maps of single words (or of etymologically related words), I show how it is possible to draw synchronic maps as well as contrastive maps. After having presented the main features of the tool, I show how Pygmalion can be used to create a synchronic and a diachronic map to compare the modals “can” and “may”, illustrating the procedure step by step. Thanks to its user-friendly design, Pygmalion can be used by teachers, pupils, students not only in a classroom context, but also for autonomous learning.
  • Publication
    Restriction temporaire
    Qualitative evaluation of content similarity in the context of clinical research
    (2023) ;
    Sandy Carla Marca
    ;
    Irina Guseva Canu
    ‘Burnout’ is one of those medical terms that lack a consensual definition, although its definitions may appear very similar. This paper outlines and discusses research carried out to find the shared elements of the original reference definitions of ‘burnout’ used in scientific literature between the 1990s and today, as a preliminary step towards the setting up of a harmonised definition. In order to pinpoint what is common in the original reference definitions of ‘burnout’, we developed and implemented a methodology based on the application of a linguistic – in particular, semantic – analysis. Our methodology may be of interest to researchers in other fields as a way to carry out a preliminary investigation of the definitions in use for a (specialist) term.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Verbs of motion and intermediate source domains of modality: the understudied case of It. occorrere ‘to be necessary, to be needed’
    Though the emergence of modality from verbs of motion is a well-attested phenomenon, the assessment of cross-linguistically valid pathways still remains a desideratum. In this paper I offer an outline of the pathway followed by the understudied Italian modal verb occorrere ‘to happen; to be necessary/needed’ (from Latin occurrere, originally ‘to run towards, into something or someone’). Based on the analysis of two large corpora, this paper reconstructs the emergence of the impersonal constructions ‘occorre + INF’ and ‘occorre che + SBJV’ vis-à-vis the personal one (‘to be needed’). The data and their analysis confirm the complexity of the pathway: in fact, the emergence of modality is strongly interlaced with the co-presence of the ancient meaning ‘to happen’, but also with the emergence of a deontic construction in which occorrere assumes the function of the auxiliary essere (‘to be’) as well as with the later evolution of another construction with negative polarity and in which occorrere is a telic metaphoric verb of motion. Though the pathway followed by Italian occorrere could be idiosyncratic in a cross-linguistic perspective, its in-depth study sheds new light on the question of how modality emerges and in particular on its source domains and their relations.
  • Publication
    Restriction temporaire
    Écritures d’Afrique, écritures en Afrique : « Proche Afrique » de Gérard Macé, sa traduction en arabe et sa rétrotraduction en français
    The phenomenon of writing in Africa is at the heart of Gérard Macé’s essay « Proche Afrique ». This short essay served as the source-text for the translation (into eight languages) and back-translation (into French) experiment entitled Épreuves de l’étranger. The aim of this contribution is twofold : first, to delve into the practice of writing and in particular its manifestations in Africa, as outlined in « Proche Afrique » ; second, to reflect on the translation and back-translation of terms related to writing in the context of the Épreuves de l’étranger experiment. In this article I focus on Arabic – the only African language among the eight languages into which the essay « Proche Afrique » has been translated. Through an analysis of the Arabic translations and their back-translations into French I show how the terms related to writing underwent the most notable changes in the passage from one language to another.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    A new corpus annotation framework for Latin diachronic lexical semantics
    (2022-7-16)
    McGillivray, Barbara
    ;
    Kondakova,, Daria
    ;
    Burman, Annie
    ;
    ; ; ;
    Márquez Cruz, Manuel
    We present a new corpus-based resource and methodology for the annotation of Latin lexical semantics, consisting of 2,399 annotated passages of 40 lemmas from the Latin diachronic corpus LatinISE. We also describe how the annotation was designed, analyse annotators’ styles, and present the preliminary results of a study on the lexical semantics and diachronic change of the 40 lemmas. We complement this analysis with a case study on semantic vagueness. As the availability of digital corpora of ancient languages increases, and as computational research develops new methods for large-scale analysis of diachronic lexical semantics, building lexical semantic annotation resources can shed new light on large-scale patterns in the semantic development of lexical items over time. We share recommendations for designing the annotation task that will hopefully help similar research on other less-resourced or historical languages.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    From Static to Interactive Maps: Drawing Diachronic Maps of (Latin) Modality with Pygmalion
    In this paper, we present the diachronic maps of a selection of 75 Latin modal markers designed through the tool Pygmalion. Both the maps and Pygmalion were conceived in the framework of the WoPoss project, which aims at analysing the diachronic pathways of modality in Latin. While the description of the tool and its functionalities is beyond the scope of this paper, we focus here on the description of our diachronic modal maps. Using visualisations to represent semantic shifts is a well-known practice in some linguistic fields such as typology and lexicography, and they have already been applied to modality. Though the situation is rapidly evolving, typological semantic maps as well as lexicographic maps are still for the most part static and usually not-interactive visualisations. Our modal maps stand out not only for their interactivity, but also for the richness of the information conveyed: chronology, etymology, semantics, syntax, first attestation and diachronic relationships between the meanings. After presenting our conceptual framework for modality, we illustrate the process of conceptualisation and development of our diachronic maps of modality. More specifically, we explain how we gathered and organised the data in order to transpose it into a visual representation. We then showcase the map of possum as an example of our results. Subsequently, we discuss the results with respect to previous literature concerning both visualisation of modal evolution from a general point of view and the investigation of modality in Latin. Finally, we outline possible applications within and beyond the WoPoss project.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Harmonized burnout definition, finally. A systematic review, semantic analysis, and Delphi consensus in 29 countries
    (2020-12-1)
    Guseva Canu, Irina
    ;
    Marca, Sandy C
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    Balász, Á
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    Bergamaschi, E
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    Besse, C
    ;
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    Bislimovska, J
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    Koscec Bjelajac, A
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    Bugge, M
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    Busneag, Cl
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    Çağlayan, Ç
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    Cernițanu, M
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    Costa Pereira, C
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    Dernovšček Hafner, N
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    Droz, N
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    Eglite, M
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    Gündel, H
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    Hakanen, JJ
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    Iordache, RM
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    Kiran, S
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    Larese-Filon, F
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    Lazor-Blanchet, C
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    Légeron, P
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    Majery, N
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    Merisalu, E
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    Mehlum, IS
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    Michaud, L
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    Mijakoski, D
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    Minov, J
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    Modenese, A
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    Molan, M
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    van der Molen, H
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    Nena, E
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    Nolimal, D
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    Pletea, E
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    Pranjic, N
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    Rebergen, D
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    Reste, J
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    Schernhammer, E
    ;
    Wahlen, A
    Objective A consensual definition of occupational burnout is currently lacking. We aimed to harmonize the definition of occupational burnout as a health outcome in medical research and reach a consensus on this definition within the Network on the Coordination and Harmonisation of European Occupational Cohorts (OMEGA-NET). Methods First, we performed a systematic review in MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase (January 1990 to August 2018) and a semantic analysis of the available definitions. We used the definitions of burnout and burnout-related concepts from the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED-CT) to formulate a consistent harmonized definition of the concept. Second, we sought to obtain the Delphi consensus on the proposed definition. Results We identified 88 unique definitions of burnout and assigned each of them to 1 of the 11 original definitions. The semantic analysis yielded a first proposal, further reformulated according to SNOMED-CT and the panelists` comments as follows: "In a worker, occupational burnout or occupational physical AND emotional exhaustion state is an exhaustion due to prolonged exposure to work-related problems”. A panel of 50 experts (researchers and healthcare professionals with an interest for occupational burnout) reached consensus on this proposal at the second round of the Delphi, with 82% of experts agreeing on it. Conclusion This study resulted in a harmonized definition of occupational burnout approved by experts from 29 countries within OMEGA-NET. Future research should address the reproducibility of the Delphi consensus in a larger panel of experts, representing more countries, and examine the practicability of the definition.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Épigramme et identité étrangère en Eubée : entre disparition des traits locaux et développement de langues de genre
    This paper addresses the question of how foreigners found a way to express their diversity in inscriptional epigrams through linguistic means (alphabet, dialect, adjectives of provenance, etc.) across the centuries. Ancient Euboea was chosen as a first case-study. This region offers a sub-corpus of 8 (funerary) epigrams for which the foreign origin of the deceased is certain, out of a total corpus of 38 epigrams. While in most epigrams of the 5th century BCE alphabets and dialects seem to provide a means to express an identity associated with a specific locality, in subsequent centuries specific epichoric features disappeared and were not replaced by other means of expressing origin and cultural identity. In the Hellenistic age, as epigram became a literary genre, dialects started to be used as generic features. Although it was then possible to use these dialectal features to express an identity, there are no examples of such a use in the corpus.