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Röder, Gregory

Nom
Röder, Gregory
Affiliation principale
Fonction
Professeur titulaire
Email
gregory.roeder@unine.ch
Identifiants
https://libra.unine.ch/handle/123456789/599
_
0000-0002-7110-294X

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  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Experimental Growth Conditions affect Direct and Indirect Defences in two Cotton Species
    (2023)
    Laura Chappuis
    ;
    Alicia Egger
    ;
    Röder, Gregory 
    ;
    Glauser, Gaëtan 
    ;
    Geoffrey Jaffuel 
    ;
    Betty Benrey 
    ;
    Luis Abdala-Roberts
    ;
    Mary V. Clancy
    ;
    Turlings, Ted 
    ;
    Bustos Segura, Carlos 
    Cotton has been used as a model plant to study direct and indirect plant defence against herbivorous insects. However, the plant growing conditions could have an important effect on the outcome of such plant defence studies. We examined how common experimental growth conditions influence constitutive and inducible defences in two species of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum and G. herbaceum. We induced plants by applying caterpillar regurgitant to mechanical wounds to compare the induction levels between plants of both species grown in greenhouse or phytotron conditions. For this we measured defence metabolites (gossypol and heliocides) and performance of Spodoptera frugiperda caterpillars on different leaves, the emission of plant volatiles, and their attractiveness to parasitic wasps. Induction increased the levels of defence metabolites, which in turn decreased the performance of S. frugiperda larvae. Constitutive and induced defence levels were the highest in plants grown in the phytotron (compared to greenhouse plants), G. hirsutum and young leaves. Defence induction was more pronounced in plants grown in the phytotron and in young leaves. Also, the differences between growing conditions were more evident for metabolites in the youngest leaves, indicating an interaction with plant ontogeny. The composition of emitted volatiles was different between plants from the two growth conditions, with greenhouse-grown plants showing more variation than phytotron-grown plants. Also, G. hirsutum released higher amounts of volatiles and attracted more parasitic wasps than G. herbaceum. Overall, these results highlight the importance of experimental abiotic factors in plant defence induction and ontogeny of defences. We therefore suggest careful consideration in selecting the appropriate experimental growing conditions for studies on plant defences.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Bioturbation by endogeic earthworms facilitates entomopathogenic nematode movement toward herbivore‑damaged maize roots
    (2020-12-4)
    Fattore, Sandrine
    ;
    Xiao, Zhenggao
    ;
    Godschalx, Adrienne 
    ;
    Röder, Gregory 
    ;
    Turlings, Ted 
    ;
    Le Bayon, Renée-Claire 
    ;
    Rasmann, Sergio 
    Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have been extensively studied as potential biological control agents against root-feeding crop pests. Maize roots under rootworm attack have been shown to release volatile organic compounds, such as (E)-β-caryophyllene (Eβc) that guide EPNs toward the damaging larvae. As yet, it is unknown how belowground ecosystems engineers, such as earthworms, affect the biological control capacity of EPNs by altering the root Eβc-mediated tritrophic interactions. We here asked whether and how, the presence of endogeic earthworms affects the ability of EPNs to find root-feeding larvae of the beetle Diabrotica balteata. First, we performed a field mesocosm experiment with two diverse cropping systems, and revealed that the presence of earthworms increased the EPN infection potential of larvae near maize roots. Subsequently, using climatecontrolled, olfactometer-based bioassays, we confirmed that EPNs response to Eβc alone (released from dispensers) was two-fold higher in earthworm-worked soil than in earthworm-free soil. Together our results indicate that endogeic earthworms, through burrowing and casting activities, not only change soil properties in a way that improves soil fertility but may also enhance the biocontrol potential of EPNs against root feeding pests. For an ecologically-sound pest reduction in crop fields, we advocate agricultural practices that favour earthworm community structure and diversity.
  • Publication
    Restriction temporaire
    The combined use of an attractive and repellent sex pheromonal component by a gregarious parasitoid
    (2019-3-28)
    Xu, Hao 
    ;
    Dötterl, Stefan
    ;
    Zhou, Guoxin 
    ;
    Schäffler, Irmgard
    ;
    von Arx, Martin
    ;
    Röder, Gregory 
    ;
    Degen, Thomas 
    ;
    Chen, Li 
    ;
    Turlings, Ted 
    Gregarious parasitoids usually clump their cocoons together and the adults emerge in a synchronized fashion. This makes it easy for them to find mating partners and most copulations indeed take place at the natal patch. Yet, males should leave such sites when females are no longer receptive. As yet, this decision-making process and the possible involvement of pheromones were poorly understood. Here we report on a remarkable use of attractive and repellent pheromones of the well-studied gregarious parasitoid species Cotesia glomerata (L.) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Virgin C. glomerata females were found to release an attractive as well as a repellent compound, which in combination arrest males on the natal patch, but after mating the females stop the production of the attractant and the males are repelled. The repellent compound was identified as heptanal, which was also released by males, probably reducing male-male competition on the natal patch. We also confirmed that the sex ratio of the emerging wasps can vary considerably among patches, depending on the relative quality of hosts and the number of females that parasitize a host. The newly revealed use of attractive and repellent pheromone compounds by C. glomerata possibly helps maximize mating success under these variable conditions.
  • Publication
    Restriction temporaire
    Root-colonizing bacteria enhance the levels of (E)-β-caryophyllene produced by maize roots in response to rootworm feeding
    (2018-2-9)
    Chiriboga, Xavier
    ;
    Huijuan, Guo
    ;
    Campos Herrera, Raquel 
    ;
    Röder, Gregory 
    ;
    Imperiali, Nicolas
    ;
    Keel, Christoph
    ;
    Maurhofer, Monika
    ;
    Turlings, Ted 
    When larvae of rootworms feed on maize roots they induce the emission of the sesquiterpene (E)-β-caryophyllene (EβC). EβC is attractive to entomopathogenic nematodes, which parasitize and rapidly kill the larvae, thereby protecting the roots from further damage. Certain root-colonizing bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas also benefit plants by promoting growth, suppressing pathogens or inducing systemic resistance (ISR), and some strains also have insecticidal activity. It remains unknown how these bacteria influence the emissions of root volatiles. In this study, we evaluated how colonization by the growth-promoting and insecticidal bacteria Pseudomonas protegens CHA0 and Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1391 affects the production of EβC upon feeding by larvae of the banded cucumber beetle, Diabrotica balteata Le Conte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Using chemical analysis and gene expression measurements, we found that EβC production and the expression of the EβC synthase gene (tps23) were enhanced in Pseudomonas protegens CHA0-colonized roots after 72 h of D. balteata feeding. Undamaged roots colonized by Pseudomonas spp. showed no measurable increase in EβC production, but a slight increase in tps23 expression. Pseudomonas colonization did not affect root biomass, but larvae that fed on roots colonized by P. protegens CHA0 tended to gain more weight than larvae that fed on roots colonized by P. chlororaphis PCL1391. Larvae mortality on Pseudomonas spp. colonized roots was slightly, but not significantly higher than on non-colonized control roots. The observed enhanced production of EβC upon Pseudomonas protegens CHA0 colonization may enhance the roots' attractiveness to entomopathogenic nematodes, but this remains to be tested.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Formal comment to Soler et al.: Great spotted cuckoo nestlings have no antipredatory effect on magpie or carrion crow host nests in southern Spain
    (2017-9-18)
    Canestrari, Daniela
    ;
    Bolopo, Diana
    ;
    Turlings, Ted 
    ;
    Röder, Gregory 
    ;
    Marcos, José
    ;
    Baglione, Vittorio
    Replicating research is crucial to assess the generality of findings. Yet, in ecology, the complexity of data collection and experimentation often precludes the possibility of going beyond single–population studies. The study by Soler et al. is therefore most welcome, as it provides new insights on the possible role of great spotted cuckoo in protecting the nest of its corvid hosts. In a previous article, we suggested a mechanism based on the malodorous secretion of great spotted cuckoo chicks to explain why the presence of the parasite in the nests of carrion crows in northern Spain increased the probability of nest success (i.e. fledging at least one host chick) as compared to non-parasitized nests. Soler et al. found no evidence supporting an anti-depredatory function of cuckoo chicks in their studied populations and proposed an alternative mechanism that may explain our experimental results. Here we would like to address a) the differences between the results of the two studies and b) the proposed interpretation of our translocation experiment. We will also respond to the concerns raised by Soler et al. on some of the analyses presented in our paper.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Host plant location by chemotaxis in an aquatic beetle
    (2016)
    Röder, Gregory 
    ;
    Mota, Matteo
    ;
    Turlings, Ted 
    Interactions between plants and aquatic insects are poorly documented, especially for turbid freshwater ecosystems. Many Swiss lakes offer such habitats, several of which are inhabited by the leaf beetle Macroplea appendiculata (Panzer 1794). This donaciid beetle is the only coleopteran species known to complete its life cycle entirely under water, where it lives primarily on perfoliate pondweed (Potamogeton perfoliatus L.), with Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.) as an alternative host plant. Direct observations during diving trips, aquatic olfactometer bioassays, and stir bar sorptive extractions (SBSE) coupled with GC–MS analysis were used to understand how these beetles locate their patchily distributed host plants and congeners in a harsh, often swirling environment. In olfactometer assays we observed that the aquatic beetle is strongly attracted to water extracts of pondweed, whereas neither mature males nor females beetles seem to produce attractive cues. The chemical analyses revealed that perfoliate pondweed releases one dominating compound, eucalyptol. Olfactometer assays confirmed that this is a potent attractant for the beetle. We also observed attraction to phytol, which is released by the main, as well as the alternative host plant. These finding are somewhat surprising as eucalyptol has never been reported for aquatic plants and phytol is poorly soluble in water. In addition, both are frequently described as insect repellents in terrestrial ecosystems. We suggest that these terpenoids normally have a defensive function against herbivores and pathogens, but that the highly specialized leaf beetle has evolved to exploit its host’s defence chemistry for optimal foraging.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Chicks of the great spotted cuckoo may turn brood parasitism into mutualism by producing a foul-smelling secretion that repels predators
    (2014-4)
    Röder, Gregory 
    ;
    Canestrari, Daniela
    ;
    Bolopo, Diana
    ;
    Marcos, José M.
    ;
    Villard, Neil 
    ;
    Baglione, Vittorio
    ;
    Turlings, Ted 
    The great spotted cuckoo (Clamator glandarius) is an important brood parasite of carrion crows (Corvus corone corone) in northern Spain. We recently found that, unlike what is commonly known for cuckoo-host interactions, the great spotted cuckoo has no negative impact on average crow fitness in this region. The explanation for this surprising effect is a repulsive secretion that the cuckoo chicks produce when they are harassed and that may protect the brood against predation. Here, we provide details on the chemical composition of the cuckoo secretion, as well as conclusive evidence that the dominating volatile chemicals in the secretion are highly repellent to model species representative of common predators of the crows. These results support the notion that, in this particular system, the production of a repulsive secretion by the cuckoo chicks has turned a normally parasitic interaction into a mutualistic one.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    From Parasitism to Mutualism: Unexpected Interactions Between a Cuckoo and Its Host
    (2014-3)
    Canestrari, Daniela
    ;
    Bolopo, Diana
    ;
    Turlings, Ted 
    ;
    Röder, Gregory 
    ;
    Marcos, José M.
    ;
    Baglione, Vittorio
    Avian brood parasites lay eggs in the nests of other birds, which raise the unrelated chicks and typically suffer partial or complete loss of their own brood. However, carrion crows Corvus corone corone can benefit from parasitism by the great spotted cuckoo Clamator glandarius. Parasitized nests have lower rates of predation-induced failure due to production of a repellent secretion by cuckoo chicks, but among nests that are successful, those with cuckoo chicks fledge fewer crows. The outcome of these counterbalancing effects fluctuates between parasitism and mutualism each season, depending on the intensity of predation pressure.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Insights into the encapsulation process of photovoltaic modules: GCMS analysis on the curing step of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) encapsulant
    (2012)
    Heng-Yu, L.
    ;
    Théron, R
    ;
    Röder, Gregory 
    ;
    Turlings, Ted 
    ;
    Lange, R.F.M.
    ;
    Ballif, C.
    ;
    Perret-Aebi, L.-E.
    Appropriate encapsulation schemes are essential in protecting the active components of the photovoltaic (PV) module against weathering and to ensure long term reliability. For crystalline cells, poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) is the most commonly used PV encapsulant. Additives like peroxides and silanes are formulated in EVA encapsulants to obtain the desired properties, e.g. the desired gel content value and sufficient adhesion after the encapsulation process etc. The identification and control of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by the polymeric encapsulant during PV module encapsulation is important for understanding and optimizing processes in order to enhance the encapsulation quality of the manufactured modules. The authors demonstrate how gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques can be used to help understand the curing process, mainly by identifying the VOCs emanating from EVA under the effect of temperature and pressure. The results provide chemical insights into the EVA encapsulation process, which are valuable for further optimisation of the PV module manufacturing process and evaluation of its environmental impact. 26 Refs.