Voici les éléments 1 - 10 sur 21
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Se plaindre des enfants : positionnements épistémiques et rapports institutionnels dans les récits conversationnels entre au-pair et famille d'accueil
    The present study investigates how institutional relationships and identities are interactionally configured in a domestic context: the sojourn of an au-pair with a host family. While the au-pair regularly takes part in the family's ordinary life and becomes sort of a 'member' of the family over time, she is at the same time hired by the family as a childcare provider. Our study reveals that these institutional identities are oriented to by the participants, in particular during storytellings about the host family children's misconduct. The study is based on a corpus of 7 hours of dinner table conversations between Julie and her French-speaking host family. Drawing on Conversation Analysis, we show how, during storytelling, the au-pair and the host mother claim, display and negotiate their epistemic rights in relation to childcare in general or with these specific children.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Le développement de la compétence d'interaction : une étude sur le travail lexical
    This paper presents an exploratory longitudinal study on how an adolescent speaker of French L2 manages word searches as part of auto-initiated other-repair. We followed Julie, a German-speaking au pair girl sojourning in a French-speaking environment, for 9 months. Based on the analysis of audio-recorded and transcribed everyday conversations, we track how Julie’s ‘methods’ for initiating word searches and calling for co-participant’s help change across the duration of her stay. Results show a shift from the use of ‘heavy’ resources that suspend the ongoing activities and focus explicitly on lexical issues towards the use of more subtle resources that maximize the progressivity of talk while still allowing the speaker to overcome lexical problems. It is argued that these changes are indicative of the development of L2 interactional competence.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    L’analyse conversationnelle comme approche "sociale" de l’acquisition des langues secondes: une illustration empirique
    This paper examines Conversation Analysis as applied to the field of Second Language Acquisition (SLA). The epistemological framework of CA is first presented and then exemplified through the study of disagreements accomplished by lower intermediate level learners of French L2. Micro-sequential analyses are carried out on a corpus of classroom interactions. The analyses shed new light on practices which have been the focus of previous studies in SLA. The analyses show how learners manage to finely tune their disagreement to the local circumstances by means of diverse resources (e.g. sequential, prosodic), while at the linguistic level, the disagreements appear direct and explicit (essentially turn-initial "no") – which has been interpreted in earlier research as an indicator of limited competence in the L2. On the basis of these results, we discuss specific contributions of Conversation Analysis to SLA research, as well as its limits with regards to other socially oriented approaches to SLA.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    La compétence d’interaction en L2: gestion de la cohérence interactive par des apprenants du français
    (2010) ; ;
    Mondada, Lorenza
    ;
    Nussbaum, Luci
    ;
    Ziegler, Gudrun
    La présente recherche porte sur la compétence d’interaction d’apprenants du français langue seconde de niveau intermédiaire. Celle-ci est approchée à travers l’examen de l’une de ses dimensions constitutive: l’accomplissement de la cohérence interactive d’un tour de parole à un autre. La participation à des interactions verbales suppose une capacité à enchaîner de manière cohérente sur le discours d’autrui, impliquant à la fois le minutage approprié de la prise de tour dans la dynamique de l’échange et l’articulation du tour émergeant aux actions précédentes. Une telle entreprise relève plus généralement d’une compétence d’interaction grâce à laquelle les participants se coordonnent, s’adaptent les uns aux autres et organisent conjointement leurs conduites discursives. Lorsque l’on apprend une langue seconde, cette compétence d’interaction constitue à la fois une ressource pour la participation aux activités communicatives et un objet d’apprentissage ne pouvant être développé qu’à travers la pratique elle-même. Décrire comment cette compétence d’interaction se déploie en situation, ici dans le cadre de travaux en groupes, est d’une importance centrale pour comprendre son potentiel de développement. Cette recherche s’inscrit dans une approche praxéologique de l’apprentissage et de la compétence en langues, centrée sur l’observation des façons de participer des apprenants au moyen des outils de l’analyse conversationnelle. Se basant sur un corpus d’interaction en petits groupes en classe de langue, cette recherche identifie des méthodes (au sens ethnométhodologique) que les apprenants mettent en œuvre pour gérer la cohérence avec le discours d’autrui lorsqu’ils prennent la parole. Ces méthodes sont observées au sein de trois ‘activités’: le désaccord, l’expansion discursive et l’appropriation de la parole comme participant non-adressé., The present research aims at describing the interactional competence of intermediate learners of French L2. Interactional competence is observed through the study of one of its constitutive dimensions: the accomplishment of interactional coherence from one turn to another. Participation in social interaction entails the ability to take the turn at the right moment in the dynamics of the interaction. However, taking a turn is not only a matter of appropriate timing but also of tying the emerging turn to previous actions. This endeavor is a matter of interactional competence which allows participants to coordinate themselves, to adjust to each other and to jointly organize their verbal conducts. When learning a second language, this interactional competence is both a resource for participating in communicative activities as well as an object of learning which may only be developed through practice itself. Describing how this interactional competence is deployed in situations, in this specific case that of group works, is of central importance for understanding its potential development. This research draws on a praxeological approach to learning and language competence, and, using the tools of Conversation Analysis, focuses on the observation of the learners’ ways of participating in social interaction. Based on a corpus of small group interactions in the language classroom, this research identifies methods (in an ethnomethodological sense) learners deploy to manage interactional coherence when taking a turn, within three specific ‘activities’: disagreement, appropriating the floor as a non-addressed participant and discursive expansions.
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    L'oral? L'oral! Mais comment? Apprendre, enseigner, évaluer l'oral en classe de langue seconde
    Dieser Beitrag geht der Frage des Lehrens und Lernens sowie der Beurteilung des Mündlichen im Sprachunterricht aus der Perspektive der Interaktionskompetenz nach. Auf der Grundlage von Interaktionsanalysen aus dem Unterricht und Gespächen mit Lehrpersonen der Sekundarstufe II wird zunächst eine Bestandesaufnahme der Problematik erstellt, wie Lehrpersonen mit dem Unterricht und der Evaluation des Mündlichen einhergeht. Dabei ergeben sich zwei wichtige Mängelbereiche: Zum einen fehlen präzise Deskriptoren für die Evaluation des Mündlichen. Zum anderen besteht ein Mangel an didaktischen Dispositiven, die es erlauben würden klar umrissene Teilkompetenzen – unter Berücksichtigung der eigentlichen Kompetenzniveaus der Schüler – im Unterricht gezielt anzugehen. Angesichts dieser doppelten Diagnose bietet dieser Beitrag abschliessend konkrete Wegweiser hinsichtlich eines strukturierten Unterrichts des Mündlichen sowie der Ausarbeitung klarer, operationeller Evaluationskriterien für die Interaktionskompetenz
  • Publication
    Accès libre
    Identification et observabilité de la compétence d'interaction: le désaccord comme microcosme actionnel
    This paper presents an investigation of disagreement sequences understood as an actional microcosm that allows us to zoom in onto the development of interactional competence. An analysis of interactional data from French L1 classrooms in French speaking Switzerland is presented, emanating from two levels of schooling (lower and upper secondary). The analysis (a) identifies a series of observables relating to interactional competence, (b) opens a window onto aspects of its development across time and (c) sheds light on the communicative cultures at work in the two school contexts.